肺部超声在成年肺炎患者中的临床应用及研究进展

摘要

肺炎是全社会面临的一项主要卫生和经济问题,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,准确诊断和及时治疗可以改善患者预后.肺部超声(LUS)可准确诊断成年肺炎,灵敏度和特异度至少与X线检查相当,同时,LUS也可用于观察治疗效果.LUS诊断肺炎最重要的标准是声像图上低回声区域内伴有含气支气管征,同时常可发现基底部的胸腔积液.LUS具有简单、有效、费用低和无辐射危险的优点,可将LUS作为诊断肺炎的一项重要方法应用于临床.%Pneumonia is a major health and economic problem,with considerably high morbidity and mortality.The accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of patients can improve its prognosis.Adult pneumonia can be accurately diagnosed by lung ultrasound(LUS),which is comparable with X-ray examination for specificity and sensitivity.LUS can also be employed to assess the effect of treatment for pneumonia.The most important criterion for the diagnosis of pneumonia via LUS is the presence of air bronchograms in the hypoechoic region on the sonogram,as well as pleural effusions in the basal section of the lung.LUS has the advantages of convenience,effectiveness,low cost and being free of radiation risk,and can be clinically applied as an important measure in the diagnosis of pneumonia.