丹江口库区移民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素研究

摘要

目的 了解丹江口库区移民慢性病患病现状,并探讨其影响因素,为移民慢性病患病的防治提供理论依据.方法 2016年7—8月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,选取湖北省十堰市丹江口库区搬迁至郧阳区、丹江口市、襄州区、宜城市和黄陂区的1068名移民.采用一般资料及健康状况调查表、团体用心理社会应激调查表(PSSG)进行调查.丹江口库区移民是否患慢性病与PSSG各维度及其总分的相关性采用Spearman秩相关分析,丹江口库区移民慢性病患病的影响因素采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 共发放问卷1068份,全部收回,其中有效问卷983份,有效回收率92.0%,丹江口库区移民慢性病患病率为60.9%(599/983).不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、外出打工情况、家庭收入满意度、家族病史、经济状况(与移民前比较)丹江口库区移民慢性病患病情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).丹江口库区移民慢性病与生活事件(L)、消极情绪(NE)、消极应对方式(NC)维度、PSSG总分呈正相关(P<0.05),与积极情绪(PE)、积极应对方式(PC)维度呈负相关(P<0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、家庭收入满意度、家族病史、经济状况(与移民前比较)和PSSG总分是移民慢性病患病的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 丹江口库区移民慢性病患病率较高,且其影响因素较多.应定期为移民提供免费健康体检和开展移民社区心理咨询与护理,重点关注留守老人的健康状况及心理问题.%Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic disease among the immigrants from Danjiangkou reservoir area, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in immigrant population. Methods In this study conducted between July and August 2016, using multistage stratified cluster sampling, we recruited 1 068 residents who immigrated to Yunyang District and Danjiangkou City subordinated to Shiyan City, Xiangzhou District and Yicheng City subordinated to Xiangyang City, as well as Huangpi District subordinated to Wuhan City, from Danjiangkou reservoir area in Shiyan City and investigated them with Demographic Characteristics and Health Questionnaire (developed by LIU Bao-feng), and Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups (PSSG). Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlations of whether suffering from chronic disease with scores of each dimension of PSSG and its total score. A multivariate analysis was conducted using unconditional Logistic regression models to explore the influencing factors for the prevalence of chronic disease in the immigrants. Results A total of 1 068 questionnaires were given out. In addition, 938 questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 92.0%. The overall prevalence of chronic disease was 60.9% among these immigrants. The prevalence of chronic disease significantly varied by sex, age, marital status, educational level, occupation, leaving home for work, level of satisfaction with household income, family history of disease, and economic status (compared with pre-migration) (P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis found that the prevalence of chronic disease among these people was positively correlated with life events (L), negative emotion (NE), negative coping style (NC) and PSSG scores (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with positive emotions (PE), positive coping styles (PC) (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female, older age (≥60 years), low level of satisfaction with household income, family history of disease, poor economic status (compared with pre-migration) and high PSSG scores were risk factors for the prevalence of chronic disease among these people (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of chronic disease was high in the immigrants from Danjiangkou reservoir area, which was associated with many factors. In view of this, regular free physical examination and community-based psychological consultation and care should be delivered to them, and attention should be especially focused on the health and mental status of the left-behind elderly.