中山市石岐区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析

摘要

目的：通过对中山市石岐区狂犬病暴露人群的情况的考察，总结该地区狂犬病暴露人群的特点，进而制定相应而有效的防治措施，保证人们的生活。方法：选取来笔者所在医院就诊的2896例患者作为研究对象，通过对其就诊记录、调查访问等资料进行分析总结，并按照性别、年龄，伤人动物、部位，暴露地点、时间，伤口数目及程度等统计分类。结果：其中男1627例，女1269例，男女比例为1.28∶1。患者年龄3个月~87岁，跨越较大。受伤情况在四季均有发生，其中夏秋季发病率较高。多为犬伤，有2534例患者为犬伤。受伤部位主要在上肢。伤口处理时间多在4~48 h。暴露程度多为3级。大多数患者都注射了狂犬疫苗。结论：狂犬病暴露人群流行病的发生率呈上升趋势，应该得到人们的广泛关注，这就需要加强对该流行病的认识，增强防范意义，学会必要的保护措施。政府部门与人民群众共同合作，为防治狂犬病做出努力。%Objective:Study the situation of people exposed to rabies in Shiqi District,Zhongshan City,summarizes the characteristics of the population exposed to rabies in the area,and then to develop appropriate and effective control measures to ensure that people’s lives.Method:2896 cases of patients in author’s hospital were selected as research subjects,the survey data of their medical records and interviews were analyzed and summarized,and classification statistics according to gender,age,wounding the animal,wounding site,exposed locations,time,the number of wounds and the degree.Result:1627 cases were male patients,female patients with 1269 cases,male to female ratio was 1.28∶1.Patients age were 3 months to 87 years,across large.Injuries had occurred in four seasons,the incidence in summer and autumn were higher.Mostly were dogs injured,there was 2534 cases of dog injury patients.The injury site was mainly in the upper extremity. Injury processing time was mainly in 4-48 h.Exposure degree was level 3.Most of the patients were injected with the rabies vaccine. Conclusion:The population exposed to rabies epidemic incidence is rising,shall get people’s attention,which we need to strengthen the awareness of the epidemic,enhance preventive sense,learn the necessary protective measures.Government departments shall work together with the people,to combat rabies.