2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

摘要

Plant science in China continued to forge ahead in 2016,with a steady increase in number of original articles published in the top high-impact-factor international journals.Journals of Chinese plant science improved and entered the top three ranks of research journals in the world.Chinese scientists have made impressive and enviable achievements in many important field of plant science.The molecular genetics mechanism of heterosis in rice yield was included in the "Top 10 achievements in Chinese Science in 2016".The "Breakthrough of the year:The top 10 scientific achievements of life science in China in 2016" included studies on signaling between male and female gametophytes during fertilization in plants and the perception mechanism of the strigolactones receptor.Plant science in China,especially in the field of crop research,represented by rice science,is occurring in the international arena.For example,a series of significant advance has been made in rice genome resources and technology platform,resequencing,clone of rice functional genes and analysis of regulatory network (revealing the mechanism of disinhibition activation of strigolactones signal transduction,interpreting sterility hybrid between indica and japonica at molecular level and the mechanism of action of wide compatibility gene S5,finding a genomic loci of controlling cold tolerance of rice),leading the scientific research of rice and even crops in the world.In this review,we comment on the significant progress made in plant science in China in 2016,review the latest findings and hot events in plant science in 2016,and share the great achievements made by Chinese scientists.%2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展,表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升,中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行,进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列.中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果.水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展;植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展.我国植物科学,特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地.例如,在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点),已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究.该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述,旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点,与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就.