Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences;
Fudan University;
Shanghai 200438;
China;
CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology;
Shanghai 200438;
China;
Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction;
Shanghai 200438;
China;
CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves;
Institute of Oceanology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology;
Qingdao 266071;
China;
Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting;
Ministry of Natural Resources;
Hohai University;
Nanjing 210098;
China;
College of Oceanography;
Hohai University;
Nanjing 210098;
China;
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation; Atmosphere; Ocean; Targeted observation; Predictability;