Harbin World Wide Welding Technology Co.;
Ltd.;
Harbin;
150006;
CRRC Tangshan Co.;
Ltd.;
Tangshan;
064099;
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining;
Harbin Institute of Technology;
Harbin;
150001;
2219-T6; aluminum; alloy; VP-TIG; gradient; mismatches; microstructure; mechanical; properties;