模型模拟灌水量对日光温室袋培番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

摘要

A composite model including crop leaf area index and water uptake was used to count tomato plant daily water requirement quantity.Four different irrigation treatments were established(CK Experience irrigation,W1 Equals simulation,W2 15% Lower than simulation,W3 25% Lower than simulation)to study the effect of model simulation water requirement on tomato growth,yield,fruit quality and water use efficiency in substrate culture with bag.The results indicated that the tomato plant height,stem diameter,fruit diameter, photosynthetic rate and top dry weight declined along with the decrease of irrigation quantity.Under CK treatment,the single plant yield was the highest(4.66 kg),which was 4.3%,23.3% and 47.9% higher than that of W1,W2,and W3 treatmens,respectively,but the difference was not significant with W1 treatment. The soluble sugar,sugar acid ratio,VC content were increased and the fruit quality was improved,along with suitable reducing the irrigation quantity,wherein the W3 treatment was the best,W1 treatment took the second place.Under W1 treatment,the water use efficiency was the highest(51.76 kg·m-3),which was 10.3%,0.6% and 5.9% higher than that of W1,W2,W3 treatments,respectively.In this experiment,W1 treatment,on the basis of guaranteeing fruit yield and quality,has greatly improved the water use efficiency.The composite model is suitable for water management application in tomato substrate cultivation.%采用番茄叶面积指数模型结合水分吸收模型计算番茄植株每日需水量的方法,研究不同灌水量(CK,经验型灌水量;W1,模型计算灌水量;W2,低于模型计算15%灌水量;W3,低于模型计算25%灌水量)对日光温室基质袋培番茄生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:番茄植株的株高、茎粗、果实横径、光合速率和地上部干质量等随灌水量的减少呈下降趋势;对照的单株产量最高,为4.66 kg,分别比W1、W2和W3处理增产4.3%、23.3%和47.9%,但与W1处理差异不显著;适宜降低灌水量可增加果实可溶性糖含量、糖酸比及VC含量,果实品质提高,其中W3处理最优,W1处理次之;W1处理的水分利用率最高,为51.76 kg·m-3,分别比对照、W2和W3处理高出10.3%、0.6%和5.9%.在本试验条件下,W1处理在保证番茄产量和品质的基础上,显著提高了水分利用效率,该复合模型适合日光温室基质袋培番茄水分管理应用.