蔬菜土传病害生防木霉菌株资源的筛选及其防治效果评价

摘要

采用平板对峙接种法和温室盆栽试验，测定18种木霉共175个菌株对黄瓜枯萎病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌和番茄青枯病菌3种不同类型的蔬菜土传病害病原菌的防效，筛选生防木霉资源。试验结果表明：拮抗试验中，拮抗黄瓜枯萎病菌的木霉菌株有50株，抑制率达70.0%～86.3%；拮抗辣椒疫霉病菌的木霉菌株43株，抑制率达70.4%～88.7%。盆栽试验中，筛选出番茄青枯病的生防菌株32株，防效达50.0%～92.7%。进一步对在拮抗试验中对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制率达75%以上的其中13株木霉菌进行盆栽防效评价，获得防效超过60%的高效菌株2株，分别为T52（深绿木霉）和32080（平菇木霉）。%This paper had screened the bio-control resources of 18Trichoderma species,including 175 strains,against 3 kinds of soil-born vegetable pathogens asFusarium oxysporumf. sp. cucumebrium Owen, Phytophthora capsiciand Ralstonia solanacearum through confront culture experiments and green house potted plant experiments. The results indicated that through confront culture experiments,we have screened out 50Trichoderma strains with inhibitation rate as 70.0%-86.3% against Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cucumebrium Owen,and 43Trichodermastrains with inhibitation rate as 70.4%-88.7% againstPhytophthora capsici.And the potted plant experiments have screened out 32Trichoderma strains with bio-control efficacy of 50.0%-92.7% againstRalstonia solanacearum.We further assessed the bio-control efficacy of 13Trichoderma strains with antagonistic inhibitation rate higher than75% by potted plant experiment,and found 2Trichoderma strains T52 (Trichoderma atroviride) and 32080 (Trichoderma pleurotum) with high bio-control efficacy over 60%.