废旧涤棉类织物再利用技术的发展

摘要

再利用技术的发展是促进废旧纺织品回收再利用的根本。本文从纺织品与环境资源的关系着手，综述了近年来废旧涤棉类纺织品再利用技术方面的发展现状。分析后得出：涤棉类织物再利用技术发展较快；物理法从简单的机械利用向物理熔融和溶解多元化方向发展；化学法从传统的造纸或降解向生物质材料应用方向发展；生物酶解技术也得到了关注。另外，涤棉混纺织物从只利用涤纶或棉纤维的单一模式向综合利用发展，同时越来越多的跨学科研究融入到废旧涤棉织物再利用技术上来。目前，一些研究方法虽已初步应用，但由于技术的局限性，再利用情况仍不乐观。%The development of reuse technology is the key to promoting the recycling of waste textiles. By reviewing the relationship between textiles and environmental resources, this paper summarizes the development status-quo of the recycling technology for waste polyester/cotton textiles. It draws the conclusion that, the recycling technology for polyester/cotton textiles is growing at a faster speed; physical method is being diversiifed from simple mechanically reuse to physical melting and dissolving, etc., while chemical method is also developing from traditional papermaking or degradation to making biomass materials; and moreover, biological enzymolysis technology receives increasing attention. In addition, the reuse pattern of polyester/cotton blended fabrics is developing from using either polyester ifber or cotton ifber to comprehensive use. In the meantime, more and more interdisciplinary researchers have involved in developing the recycling technology for waste polyester/cotton textiles. Currently, although some research methods have been put into practice, the situation of reusing this kind of wastes is still not optimistic due to the limitations of technology.