目的：分析不同年龄段女性身体不同部位肌肉力量、骨密度和体成分变化趋势及相关关系。方法：将20～69岁的161名女性分为5组（每10岁一组），进行握力、背力、负重屈肘最大肌力（1 RM ）和肌肉耐力（15 RM ）、仰卧推举1 RM 和15 RM 、负重蹲起1 RM 和15 RM、徒手蹲起、仰卧举腿、屈臂支撑等肌力测试；使用双能X线骨密度仪进行全身、双侧前臂、正位腰椎（L2‐L4）、双侧股骨颈骨密度（BMD ）和体成分测试。结果：中青年女性肌肉含量高于老年女性，脂肪含量低于老年女性；身体不同部位BMD和1RM 在30～39年龄组最高，之后呈逐渐下降趋势；20～29岁和30～39岁2个年龄组1 RM 和15 RM 负重屈肘、仰卧推举与全身、腰椎BMD呈非常显著性相关（ P＜0．01），且全身BMD与1 RM 的相关系数大于15 RM ；40～49岁年龄组仰卧举腿与全身和腰椎BMD显著相关，相关系数为0．496、0．483；50岁以上年龄组体脂百分比与骨密度呈显著相关性，肌肉力量与骨密度无显著相关性。结论：1）肌肉含量对中青年女性骨密度影响较大；脂肪含量对老年女性骨密度影响较大。2）中青年女性上肢及肩带、胸背肌肉力量与全身及局部骨密度关系密切，针对这部分肌肉加强练习对于提高骨量和减缓骨量流失具有积极作用。3）在发展肌肉力量和骨质疏松早期干预时，中青年女性应以动力性力量中最大肌力练习为主；老年女性应以动力性力量中肌肉耐力练习为主。%Objective :The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships with each part of the muscle strength ,bone mineral density and body composition of the different age women . Methods :Dividing the 161 women that were 20~69 years old into 5 groups(every 10 years a group)and test grip strength ,back force ,weight‐bearing elbow flexion of one repetition maxi‐mum ,bench press of one repetition maximum ,weight‐bearing elbow flexion of fifteen repetition maximum ,bench press of fifteen repetition maximum ,weight‐bearing squat of one repetition maximum ,unarmed squat ,squat of fifteen repetition maximum ,lifting leg ,plank ,body compo‐sition ,BMD of the whole body ,bilateral forearms ,lumbar and both femoral neck’s .Results :Compared with older women ,the muscle content of young and middle‐aged women is higher and fat content is lower .Different parts of the body BMD and one rep max were highest in 30~ 39 age group ,then declined year by year .The maximum muscle strength and muscle strength endurance of weight‐bearing elbow flexion and bench press in 20~39 age group put up with the whole body ,lumbar BMD was very significant (P<0 .01) ,and the correlation co‐efficient of whole body BMD and maximum muscle strength was greater than muscle strength endurance .The number of lifting leg on 40 ~ 49 age group had significant correlation with BMD of the whole body and lumbar ,correlation coefficient was 0 .496 ,0 .483 .In more than 50 age group ,the BMD was significantly with body fat percentage and no significant with mus‐cle strength .Conclusions :1) Muscle content had a greater influence to the BMD of young and middle‐aged women .Fat content had a greater influence to the BMD of older women .2) There was significantly associated between arm ,shoulder straps ,chest ,back muscle strength and sys‐temic ,local BMD in young and middle‐aged women .It will improve BMD and slow BMD loss for this part of muscle strengthening .3) In the development of muscle strength and bone loss when early intervention ,young and middle‐aged women should do maximum muscle strength exercise in the dynamic strength .The older women should do muscular endurance exercise in the dynamic strength .
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