错位：当代人类慢性病发病率飙升的病理生理学基础--基于人类进化过程中饮食-体力活动-基因的交互作用

摘要

Substantial evidences showed that the high incidence of chronic diseases in human was related to interactions between genes and environment ,but mechanisms of the relationship be‐tween them were not fully understood .Based on interactions between diet‐physical activity‐genes and epigenetic evidences in the process of human evolution ,this paper expounded reasons and mechanisms of the soaring incidence of chronic diseases in human from the "matching"view .The results showed that the high incidence of chronic diseases in human resulted from mismatches between biological evolution and cultural evolution of human and dislocations be‐tween gene and environment because of mismatch ,maladjustment and incompatibility between genotype and diet ,physical activity ,energy metabolism .Excessive diet and lack of physical ac‐tivity could contribute to the development of chronic diseases by affecting epigenetic modifica‐tions and expression of related genes .Consequently ,this paper suggested that restricting caloric intake ,increasing physical activities ,and matching between lifestyle and genotype could be a strategy to prevent and controll chronic diseases .%有证据表明，当代人类慢性病的高发与基因和环境的交互作用有关，但关于两者的关系机制尚未完全明晰。基于人类进化过程中饮食‐体力活动‐基因间的交互作用以及表观遗传学的研究证据，从“匹配”的视角梳理和探讨了当代人类慢性病发病率飙升的原因与机制。人类生物进化与文化进化的不同步，基因型与饮食、体力活动、物质能量代谢方面的不匹配、不适应、不兼容等造成的基因与环境之间的错位，是导致当代人类慢性病高发的原因。过度饮食和体力活动不足通过影响基因的表观遗传修饰，进而影响到相关基因的表达，是导致慢性病高发的机制。在此基础上，提出了限制热量摄入，增加体力活动消耗，促使生活方式与基因型相匹配的慢性病防治策略。