中国经济和社会体制改革的不完善使得农村地区呈现出一种"高消费、低收入"的不利格局,致使农村家庭面临的风险正逐渐提升. 实证研究结果显示,子女高等教育支出水平对农村家庭风险影响的总效应是负的;而"新农保"和"新农合"能够有效地减弱农村家庭抵御风险的能力;家庭人口年龄结构越倾向于"中青年化",占有的社会资本越多,家庭规模越大对于风险的抵御和防范能力就越强,这正好全面解释了农村地区社会关系网络与家庭宗族网络对其抵御风险的重要作用. 而提升农村家庭收入是抵御和防范风险最直接和最有效的手段,在此基础之上,本文提出了完善农村家庭风险抵御和防范机制的对策建议.%The imperfect reform ofChina' s economic and society makes rural areas show an unfavorable pattern of"high-consumption and low-income",which results in the risk faced by rural households is gradually improved. The empirical results show that the level of high education expenses of children risks affecting the total effect is negative for rural households;new rural pension insurance and NCMS can effectively weaken the ability of rural households to resist risks;the more household population age structure tends to"young",the more social capital plays,the greater the family size, the stronger ability to resist and prevent risks,which can explain the social network in rural areas and the importance of their family lineage network against risks effect. The promotion of rural household income is to resist and prevent risks the most direct and effective means. On this basis, we propose to improve the rural households and risk prevention mechanism against countermeasures.
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