Objective To analyze and summarize the main pathogeny of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 168 patients with IDA. Results The pathogeny of the 168 IDA cases included 9 cases with chronic gastritis (5.36%), 21 cases with peptic ulcer (12.50%), 8 cases after gastrectomy (4.76%), 13 cases with gastric carcinoma (7.74%), 23 cases with malnutrition (13.69%), 5 cases with hemorrhoidal bleeding (2.98%), 6 cases with liver cirrhosis hypersplenism (3.57%), 1 case with gastric polyps (0.60%), 1 case with gastric volvulus (0.60%), 1 case with gastric stromal tumor (0.60%), 3 cases with alimentary tract hemorrhage (1.79%), 1 case with breast cancer (0.60%), 11 cases with hypermenorrhea (6.55%), 22 cases with uterine fibroid (13.10%), 18 cases with long-term medication for connective tissue diseases (10.71%), 1 case with congenital heart disease (0.60%), 1 case with hyperthyroidism (0.60%), 2 cases with intermittent nasal gums bleeding (1.19%), 16 cases with unknown causes (9.52%), and 5 cases with hematological system diseases (2.98%). Conclusion There are 68 cases with disease of digestive tract, which account for 40.48%, as the main pathogeny of IDA. Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastroenteric tumor are the main diseases. There were 33 cases with hypermenorrhea, accounting for 19.64%, and it is the main pathogeny in women. Hemorrhoids, intermittent nasal gums bleeding, and long-term medication for connective tissue diseases are the common pathogeny of IDA.%目的：分析总结缺铁性贫血(IDA)的主要病因。方法回顾分析168例缺铁性贫血患者的临床资料。结果168例IDA患者中致病因素包括：慢性胃炎9例(5.36%)，消化性溃疡21例(12.50%)，胃切除术后8例(4.76%)，胃癌13例(7.74%)，营养不良23例(13.69%)，痔疮出血5例(2.98%)，肝硬化脾亢6例(3.57%)，胃息肉1例(0.60%)，胃扭转1例(0.60%)，胃间质瘤1例(0.60%)，消化道出血3例(1.79%)，乳腺癌1例(0.60%)，月经过多11例(6.55%)，子宫肌瘤22例(13.10%)，结缔组织病长期服药患者18例(10.71%)，先天性心脏病1例(0.60%)，甲亢1例(0.60%)，间断性鼻牙龈出血2例(1.19%)，原因不明16例(9.52%)，血液系统疾病5例(2.98%)。结论消化道疾病共68例，占40.48%，是IDA的主要致病因素，以慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡及胃肠道肿瘤为主，女性月经过多共33例，占19.64%，是女性患者常见原因，痔疮、间断性鼻牙龈出血、结缔组织患者长期服药等均是IDA的常见致病因素。
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