人类文明与生态安全:共生空间的演化理论

摘要

从产业-生态复合系统的视角研究人类文明演进与生态安全变化的一般规律.现有相关研究在工业文明向生态文明演进的“质变”边界、如何克服人与自然“二元分立”理论的局限性、人类文明与生态安全的相互作用关系等方面尚有缺陷.为解决这些问题,根据人类文明史和共生理论,将产业系统与生态系统共生关系的已知类型拓展成完整的模式谱系.由此揭示出人类文明与生态安全演化的本质属性:共生属性.为进一步论证这一论断,由共生关系谱系分别推演出人类文明的产业属性、科学属性和生态安全属性等.研究表明,人类文明的演进包含以下几个阶段:本色文明(即原始文明、采猎文明、天然生物文明),黄色文明(即农业文明、人工生物文明),黑色文明(即传统工业文明、天然化学文明),青色文明(即新工业文明,包含人工化学文明、天然和人工物理文明),绿色文明(即生态文明、后工业文明,包含防病式和健康式绿色产业文明,或天然和人工超生物文明).其中,生态文明是从产业偏利共生向产业与生态互利共生演进的模式,它使生态安全达到稳定的健康状态,是一种比新工业文明更高级的文明形态.最后,将以上成果在产业-生态二维共生空间中进行集成,构建出完整的人类文明与生态安全的椭圆演化模型.该模型深化和发展了环境库兹涅茨理论,为我国乃至世界生态文明建设提供了理论依据.%The general law of human civilization progress and ecological security variation are researched with the perspective of industry-ecology compound system.There are some problems in existing relevant researches in such respects as the boundary of qualitative change from industrial civilization to ecological civilization,how to overcome the limitation of man-nature dualism,interaction between human civilization and ecological security,etc.To solve the problems,the known types of symbiotic relationship between industry system and ecology system are expanded into an integrated mode tree according to the history of human civilization and symbiosis theory.It reveals that symbiotic attribute is the essence of human civilization and ecological security evolution.In order to confirm the inference further,industrial attribute,scientific attribute,ecological security attribute and so on of human civilization are deduced respectively according to the symbiotic relationship tree.The research shows that human civilization progress involves the stages as follows:natural colour civilization (i.e.,original civilization,gathering-hunting civilization or natural biological civilization),yellow civilization (i.e.,agricultural civilization or artificial biological civilization),black civilization (i.e.,traditional industrial civilization or natural chemical civilization),cyan civilization (i.e.,new industrial civilization) which includes artificial chemical civilization,natural and artificial physical civilization,and green civilization (i.e.,ecological civilization or post-industrial civilization) which includes disease-free and healthy green industrial civilization,or natural and artificial super-biological civilization.In the above civilization forms,ecological civilization is a mode from industrial commensalism to industry-ecology mutualism,in which the ecological security enters into a steady healthy status.So it is more advanced than the new industrial civilization.Finally,a full elliptic evolutionary model of human civilization and ecological security is constructed by integrating the above results in an industryecology two-dimensional symbiotic space.The model deepens and develops the environmental Kuznets theory,and provides theoretical basis for ecological civilization construction in China and in the world.