以碳球为模板制备空心结构锡酸锌及其在PVC中的阻燃应用

摘要

The hollow-structured zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) was prepared by using tin tetrachloride and zinc nitrate as raw materials and carbon spheres as a template via a hydrothermal-calcination method.This method was expected to be applied for the disposal and reuse of heavy metal ions in waste water.The chemical structure of Zn2SnO4 and its flame-retarding effect on PVC were characterized by limiting oxygen index,transmission electron microscopy,cone calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements.The results indicated that the limiting oxygen index of the flame-retardant PVC achieved a limiting oxygen index of 31.4 vol ％ when 10 g of Zn2SnO4 were added,which increased by 6.5 ％ compared with the blank PVC.However,the flame-retardant PVC exhibited the similar elongation at break of 241 ％ to the blank one.The results obtained from cone calorimetry indicated that the introduction of Zn2SnO4 effectively reduced the total heat release by 30.6 ％ and the total smoke release by 54.3 ％ during the combustion process of the flame-retardant PVC.%以碳球为模板,四氯化锡、硝酸锌为原料,采用水热-煅烧法制备了空心结构的锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4),用于处理废水中的重金属离子并作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)的阻燃剂重新利用.通过极限氧指数、透射电子显微镜、锥形量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对Zn2SnO4及其阻燃PVC进行表征.结果表明,当添加10 g Zn2SnO4时,对应阻燃PVC的极限氧指数为31.4％,比纯PVC提高了6.5％;阻燃PVC的断裂伸长率为241％,与纯PVC相差不大;阻燃PVC的总热量(HTHR)降低了30.6％,总烟量(RTSP)降低了54.3％.