采用传统旋转钻井技术钻井时钻具磨损严重，需经常更换钻头，钻井周期长，成本高。而激光钻井技术可大大提高钻井速度，缩短钻井周期。综述了国内外激光钻井技术在激光／岩石／流体相互作用原理和岩石快速相变的热力学与传热学2大基础学科中的研究成果。指出了激光钻井技术面临的诸多问题，深入分析了影响激光直接钻井破岩效率的因素。提出将激光钻井技术与机械旋转钻井技术相结合的激光辅助破岩技术，并阐述了激光辅助破岩技术的原理，为激光钻井技术的发展指明了研究方向。%The conventional rotary drilling usually leads to drilling tool wear, which results in frequent drill bit replacement, causing long drilling period and high cost. The laser drilling technology could greatly improve the drilling speed and shorten the drilling cycle. The domestic and international laser drilling technology research results in laser/rock/fluid interaction theory and thermodynamics and heat transfer on rock rapid phase transition have been reviewed. The issues faced by the laser drilling technology have been pointed out. In-depth analysis has been put on the factors affecting the direct laser drilling rock breaking efficiency. Laser assisted drilling technology com-bined laser drilling technology with mechanical rotating drilling technology has been proposed, and the principle of laser assisted rock breaking technology has been introduced, thus, providing the research direction of laser drilling techniques.
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