中国船舶油污损害赔偿基金法律制度研究

摘要

我国正在着手制定油污基金管理使用办法,本文从法律的视角对建立我国油污基金制度的主要问题进行了研究.指出船东强制责任保险是建立我国油污基金法律制度的前提;分析了油污基金制度中摊款人、基金管理人和受害人之间的法律关系,指出他们之间的关系实质上是一种信托关系,进而提出了依据信托法理构建我国油污基金法律制度的思路;在此基础上,根据我国的海洋环境保护法和信托法等有关法律法规的规定,设计了我国油污基金管理组织的法律地位、组织机构及其职责、基金使用和监督等方面的具体法律制度.%China is currently crafting measures for establishing and managing an oil pollution fund.This paper addresses the major legal issues that building such an oil pollution fund regime faces.The study finds that requesting ship owners to maintain compulsory liability insurance is a prerequisite for creating an oil pollution fund regime.Furthermore,the analysis of fund contributors,fund managers,and oil pollution victims indicates that a trust relationship exists among these parties.Thus the authors propose that trust theory form the legal basis underpinning China's oil pollution fund.A design for the oil pollution fund's organizational structure,legal status,supervision,and operations then is proposed in accordance with China's Marine Environmental Protection Law,China's Trust Law,and other relevant Chinese legal regulations.