对日本秘密海运极端危险核物质的法律思考

摘要

日本长期秘密从海上运输极端危险的核物质.这类物质一旦泄漏就会对周遭环境造成长期、广泛的辐射影响,不仅给海洋中的生物资源带来毁灭性的后果,使得相关的旅游资源破坏殆尽,更会给沿岸居民的生活带来长期的恶劣影响,正因如此,沿途国家纷纷提出强烈抗议.笔者认为:这种运输违背了“不损害他国”的国际法原则,违反了各国“保护与保全海洋环境”的一般义务,有悖于预防原则及合作原则;即使以无害通过权或自由航行权为理由,也不能开脱其违法性.通过对其违法性的分析,笔者也期望能对我国采取相对应的措施提供一些有益的思考.%Japan transported extremely dangerous nuclear substances by sea secretly for decades.If those substances were to leak,the surrounding environment would suffer from severe long-term and widespread radioactive contamination,including not only the devastating impact on marine living resources and destruction of tourism resources,but also the long-term adverse consequences for nearby coastal residents.As a result,coastal States lodged strong protests.The author holds that the transportation of these nuclear substances went against the principle of international law requiring States to act without prejudice to other States in all circumstances,and also violated the general obligations of protection and preservation of the marine environment,as well as the precautionary principle and the principle of cooperation.This illegality cannot be absolved even by the defense of the right of innocent passage and freedom of navigation.Besides,the author anticipates that the analysis of this illegality could also offer rewarding thoughts on the corresponding measures that China could take.