俄罗斯200海里以外大陆架划界案介评

摘要

划定200海里以外大陆架的外部界限,对于沿海国的政治、经济和军事具有深远的战略意义,对于世界海洋的新格局至关重要.联合国大陆架界限委员会对首例200海里以外大陆架划界案——俄罗斯2001年划界案的审议和建议,使俄罗斯以及各沿海国切实体会到依据国际法将本国大陆架扩展至领海基线200海里以外的复杂性和艰巨性.首次受挫的俄罗斯目前一方面以务实的态度不断与周边国家协调并通过各种方式积极营造国际氛围,一方面在科学数据等方面继续勘测,为重新提交划界案积极准备.俄罗斯划界案的得与失对于各沿海国,尤其是海洋划界困难重重的中国,提供了可借鉴的科学和法律实践.%Delimitation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nm is of far-reaching strategic significance for coastal States on their politics,economy and military affairs,and factors significantly in the new order set by the UN Convention on Law of the Sea.Russia's 2001 Submission,the first one of this kind considered by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf,has acquainted Russia and other coastal States with the complexity and difficulty in their attempts to extend their continental shelf beyond 200 nm from the baseline of the territorial sea under international law.Frustrated,Russia has coordinated with its neighbors in a pragmatic manner and proactively created an intemational atmosphere,while carrying out further survey for geo-scientific data to prepare its resubmission carefully.The gains and losses of Russia's submission have provided good lessons on scientific and legal practice for the coastal States,especially for China facing great difficulty in maritime delimitation.