我国钼矿床的成因类型及其地质特征

摘要

根据我国钼矿床的成因可将其分为三大类:斑岩型钼矿床、矽卡岩型钼矿床、脉状钼矿床.各类矿床有其不同的围岩性质和矿体特征.但各类型矿床在成因和物质来源方面又有其相同的演化过程,都属于花岗斑岩岩浆期后热液矿床.斑岩型钼矿床与矽卡岩型钼矿床的成矿母岩相同,均属于高温的强酸性花岗斑岩系列岩株,只不过矽卡岩型钼矿床的赋矿围岩有一部分为矽卡岩或碳酸盐岩系列岩石而已.斑岩型钼矿床的赋矿围岩则全部为化学性质稳定的岩石,如火山岩、石英岩及片岩等.无论是何种类型矿床,其赋矿地层绝大部分为前寒武系老地层.成矿时代方面,成矿母岩的侵入年龄为侏罗纪晚期—白垩纪早期的燕山中晚期,这一时期为我国钼矿床的主要成矿期或风暴期.而脉状钼矿床仅仅是斑岩型钼矿床成矿母岩岩浆上侵过程中转化为矿化热液后沿较大的裂隙贯入的脉状矿化体组成的集合体,该类型矿床规模仅占我国钼矿总资源量的1％.可以看出,地质工作者找矿的主攻方向是斑岩型钼矿床,其次是矽卡岩型钼矿床.%According to the origin of molybdenum deposit in China,it can be divided into three categories:porphyry molybdenum deposit;skarn type molybdenum deposit;pulsed molybdenum deposit.Various types of deposits have different characteristics of surrounding rock and ore body characteristics.But all types of deposits in the cause and material sources have their own evolution process,all belong to the granite porphyry magmatic hydrothermal deposits.The porphyry-type molybdenum deposits are the same as those of the skarn-type molybdenum deposits.They belong to the high-temperature strong acid granite porphyry series.Only the skarn-type molybdenum deposits Card rock or carbonate rock series.The porphyry-type molybdenum deposits are all chemically stable rocks,such as volcanic rocks,quartzite and schist.No matter what type of ore deposits,most of its ore-bearing strata is the Precambrian old strata.In the metallogenic age,the age of the ore parent rock is the late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous Yanshanian period,which is the main mineralization period or storm period of China's molybdenum deposit.While the pulsed molybdenum deposit is only a collection of ore-like mineralized bodies that are converted into mineralized hydrothermal fluids along the larger fissures during the process of ore-rock massation of porphyry-type molybdenum deposits.Accounting for only 1％ of the total amount of molybdenum ore in China.It can be seen that the main direction of geological workers is porphyry-type molybdenum deposits,followed by skarn-type molybdenum deposits.