目的:探讨开滦煤矿接尘职工新发尘肺特点,了解煤矿接尘职工中尘肺患者检出情况,依据接尘工龄、发病工龄做好接尘职工的普查工作,进行早期临床干预.方法:对2005年1月～2010年12月开滦职业病防治所尘肺诊断组新诊断的687例尘肺患者的检出率、构成比、接尘工龄、发病年龄、发病工龄等方面进行回顾性分析.结果:尘肺患者检出率为1.83%;接尘工龄超过20年的尘肺患者占尘肺患者总数的72.20%;尘肺发病人数随接尘工龄延长而增多,在所有新发尘肺职工中Ⅰ期尘肺患者最多,占尘肺患者总数的95.77%.新发尘肺患者的发病人数以51～60岁年龄段最多,发病年龄在41～50、61～70岁和超过70岁年龄段与51～60岁年龄段比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(均P＜0.001).掘进作业人员的发病工龄与采煤作业人员在防护措施相同的情况下发病工龄明显缩短,差异有高度统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论:新发尘肺患者中以Ⅰ期尘肺最多,大规模的尘肺普查工作最迟应在接尘20年开始,尘肺平均发病年龄超过退休年龄,众多工种中纯掘进工的发病工龄最短,其次是纯采煤工.%Objective: To explore the newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis characteristics of kailuan coal mine worker, and know the detection situation of workers, to survey and take early clinical intervention for the worker based on seniority, pick up dust, the length of the worker to pick up dust census work for early clinical intervention. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2010, the detection rate, constituent ratio, the age, length of service of 687 pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed by Kailuan Prevention and Ireatment Center for Occupational Diseases. Results: The detection rate of pneumoconiosis was 1.83%; picking up dust length over 20 years of pneumoconiosis patients were accounted for 72.20% of the total number of pneumoconiosis; pneumoconiosis disease extended and increased with the length of service by dust, in all new diagnosed pneumoconiosis workers period I was the most cases of pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis, accounted for 95.77% of the total. Age of 51-60, the number of the patients was most in the new diagnosed pneumoconiosis disease, there were significant differences compared with the age of 41-50, 61-70 and more than 70 (all P<0.001). The length of the excavation work personnel with coal mining homework personnel in the protective measures under the same significantly reduced the length of the age of onset, there was a significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Tn the new diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients, period I is the most; the scale of the pneumoconiosis census work should pick up the latest in dust 20 years beginning; the average age of onset of pneumoconiosis patients past retirement age, in many jobs, the age of
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