营养干预对2型糖尿病患者体重控制和糖脂代谢的影响

摘要

目的 研究标准化膳食营养干预对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体重控制和糖脂代谢的影响.方法 采用配对设计将148例超重或肥胖的T2DM患者分为试验组(n = 74)和对照组(n = 74),试验组进行连续的标准化膳食营养干预,对照组患者获取体检报告后,由医师进行一次健康教育,予以普通膳食.两组干预4周后,比较两组患者干预前后体重、体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 h PG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等指标的变化.结果 营养干预后,试验组患者的体重、BMI、FPG、2 h PG、TG均较对照组患者显著降低,差异有高度统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01).TC、HDL-C及LDL-C无明显变化(P > 0.05).结论 标准化膳食营养干预能有效地控制T2DM患者的体重,降低FPG、2 h PG和血脂水平,减少心脑血管疾病的危险风险.%Objective To assess the impact of standard dietary interventon on body weight control and glucolipid metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 148 cases of T2DM patients (overweight or obesity) were selected and randomly divided into control group and experiment group, the patients in the experiment group were given continuous standard dietary intervention, the patients in the control group were given health education and healthy diet after received physical examination report. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), the levels of fasting blood-glucose (FPG), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before and after intervention for 4-week period between two groups. Results After intervention, body weight, BMI, FPG, 2 h PG and TG were significantly decreased in the standard dietary interventions group compared with control group (P < 0.01). TC, HDL-C, LDL-C had no change (P > 0.05). Conclusion It is of great importance that the standard dietary interventions in controlling body weight, reducing blood glucoses and blood lipids on obese or overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.