环状RNA在疾病发生中的作用

摘要

环状RNA (circRNA)是一类不同于线性RNA的内源非编码RNA,它是通过反向剪接形成的闭合环状RNA分子,不具有5'端帽子和3'端polyA尾巴结构,能够稳定存在于各种类型真核细胞中.随着生物信息学的快速发展和高通量测序技术的不断革新,目前已经在真核细胞中发现了大量内源性circRNA,其中一些circRNA表达丰度高并呈现出时空表达特异性和物种间保守性,表明circRNA可能在调节基因表达方面具有重要功能.近年来研究发现,circRNA在神经系统紊乱、糖尿病和肿瘤等疾病发生过程中起着较为重要的作用,深入研究circ RNA的结构和功能可更好地了解疾病的发生机制,提高相关疾病的预防和诊断水平.%circRNA is a class of endogenous non coding RNA,which is different from linear RNA.It is a closed cyclic RNA molecule formed by reverse splicing and lack of the 5'end cap and the 3'end of poly (A) tail structurewhich exist in various types of eukaryotic cells.With the continuous innovation of the rapid development of bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of endogenous circRNA have been found in eukaryotic cells at present,and some of themcould highly expressed and showed the specificity of expression in spatio-temporal and conservative among different species,indicating that circRNA may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.In recent years,the study found that circRNA plays an important role in nervous system disorders,diabetes and cancer and other diseases,in-depth study of the structure and function of circRNA can be better to understand the mechanism of diseases,improve the level of diagnosis and prevention of related diseases.