涉及臼顶负重区髋臼骨折的诊疗与对策

摘要

Acetabulum, as the important factor for weight bearing of the upper body, has its unique anatomic features and complicated physiological function.The integrity and stability of the lunata articular surface in the dome region of acetabulum,is the important base to bear the physiological function of acetabulum.The fracture related to this part will cause relation change of contact area and stress between head of femur and acetabulum.Furthermore,the deep anatomical position of the dome region ,the complicated surrounding anatomical relation,and the irregular bony structure will also increase the difficulty of surgical treatment.Especially for some complicated comminuted or compressed fracture,even with good explosions, it is hard to get satisfied anatomical reduction.Consequently ,forward traumatic arthritis has greater probability of occurrence.Therefore,the clinical research on the fracture in the dome region of acetabulum was getting more and more attention worldly.This paper intended to review the relation of fracture classifications and anatomic features, physiological function, diagnostic criteria, and also its clinical treating countermeasure.%髋臼作为承载上半身体重的重要关节,具有独特的解剖学特点及复杂的生理功能,而臼顶区月状关节面的完整性与稳定性是承担髋臼生理功能的重要基础,涉及此处骨折会导致股骨头与髋臼之间的接触面积和应力等关系发生改变,加之臼项区解剖位置深在,周围解剖关系复杂,骨性结构不规则,手术治疗难度较大,特别是一些复杂的粉碎压缩骨折,即使达到良好暴露也难以达到满意的解剖复位,从而使远期创伤性关节炎的发生概率大大增加.因此涉及臼顶负重区的髋臼骨折的基础及临床研究在国内外的重视程度逐年增高,本文就其解剖学特点及生理功能、诊断标准与骨折分型的关系、临床治疗对策等做一综述.