[Objectives] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Our purpose was to study risk factors associated with it and to search for a solution to prevent it. [Methods] Medical records of 104 patients treated with PCNL between May in 2009 and June in 2011 was review retrospectively. Risk factors investigated in our study are age (in years), gender (Male vs. female), preoperative midstream urine culture (yes or no), preoperative usage of sensitive antibiotics (yes or no), time of surgery (in hours). Univariate analyses were analyzed first, and then followed by Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between SIRS and the factors. [ Results ] Positive midstream urine culture before operation, No usage of antibiotics and time of surgery were risk factors for SIRS after PCNL. Age and gender are not risk factors. [Conclusions] Our study suggests that SIRS after mPCNL may be prevented by treating patient with sensitive antibiotics preoperatively and reducing time of surgery.%目的 全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)是经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)术后的常见并发症,该文通过分析其危险因素,探讨预防SIRS的对策.方法 对2009年5月～2011年6月采用PCNL治疗的104例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用X2检验、Fisher确切概率法及Logistic回归分析评估性别、年龄、术前中段尿细菌培养结果、术前是否使用敏感抗生素、手术时间5种因素与术后SIRS的相关性.结果 术前中段尿细菌培养阳性、术前未使用敏感抗生素以及手术时间是术后发生SIRS的危险因素；而年龄和性别并非危险因素.结论 为预防SRIS发生,应尽可能缩短手术时间；术前使用敏感抗生素是预防SRIS的重要对策.
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