为解决传统热磨法加工微米薄木片及木纤维中高能耗、工序复杂、加工成本高的缺点, 现改变加工方法, 采用顺纹纵向刨切木材的方式, 研发了数控微米刨切试验台.试验台主要由机架、纵向进给机构总成、工件夹具、控制面板、刨切机构总成、升降机构总成和限位机构组成, 可对宽度为50 mm, 长度为300～600 mm, 高度为20～90 mm的木材工件进行纵向进给、切削量进给和刨切作业.笔者对试验台整机以及各机构进行设计, 并通过ANSYSY对刀具进行强度校核.通过试验, 确定刨切机构切削角δ取45°, 刀刃伸出量h取0.05 mm, 刀门宽度d取0.2 mm, 刨得的木片平均厚度为18.7μm, 最薄为15μm.最后通过显微镜观察发现经过刨切后的刀刃部分出现磨损, 可通过表面改性提高刀具的耐磨性.%In order to address the shortcomings of traditional way to make micron wood fiber by heat grinding method such as high energy consumption, complex process and high processing cost, a kind of numerical control micrometer plane cutting test rig which producing wood chips in micrometer thickness by planing has been developed.The test rig consists of the frame, the longitudinal feed mechanism, the workpiece fixture, the control panel, the planing mechanism assembly, the lifting mechanism assembly and the limit mechanism.The longitudinal feed, cutting feed and planing work can be carried out for the wood workpiece with a width of 50 mm, a length of 300～600 mm and a height of 20～90 mm.In this paper, the whole machine and the mechanism of the test rig are designed.The fine adjustment mechanism of the cutting mechanism's cutting parameters, the cutting press mechanism and the feed mechanism are designed, and check the strength of the cutter through ANSYSY.Through the test, it is determined that the cutting angle of the cutting mechanism is 45 degrees, the height of the cutting edge (h) is 0.05 mm, the width of the knife gate (d) is 0.2 mm, the average thickness of the planed wood chips is 18.7μm, and the thinnest thickness is 15μm.Finally, the cutting edge after planed was observed by microscope, and the wear of the cutting edge was found, which can be improved by surface modification.
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