多发性骨髓瘤的影像诊断

摘要

目的：探讨研究多发性骨髓瘤的影像诊断价值，以提高对多发性骨髓瘤的影像诊断水平。方法分析在2008年7月-2013年7月入该院治疗的经过骨穿或是通过病检被证实确诊为多发性骨髓瘤的20例患者的不同影像技术资料， X线片、CT以及MRI，得出相应的影响诊断学特点。结果20例患者经过X线检查，其中15例(75%)患者出现了各类型的溶骨性损害，其损害部位主要在头颅(18例)、胸椎(16例)、腰椎(16例)、肋骨(10例)以及骨盆(10例)，其中12例的患者还伴有骨质疏松的并发症；而CT检查12例，不仅对于X线片的影像学诊断有检视，得出骨破坏，还有5例，检测出X线片未能明确显示、检出的肋骨、骨盆、椎体附件破坏和一些软组织破坏等问题；最后的脊柱MRI检查8例，其中正常型1例，其中灶型3例，弥漫型3例，灶型+弥漫型1例，椒盐型1例(阳性率90%)。结论多发性骨髓瘤有利于影像诊断的特征，影像学的判断为临床提供了有效的数据支持，在进行X线检测确诊需要治疗或是未显示但临床可疑的患者可疑采取具有较高的密度分辨率的CT检查，作为X线片的补充，而有条件的或情况较复杂需要观察病变的采取MRI检查。通过临床、影像、实验室和病理资料的多方联合提高诊断符合率。%Objective To explore the imaging diagnostic value of multiple myeloma,in order to improve the imaging diagnostic level of multiple myeloma.Methods Different kinds of imaging data, such as X-ray films,CT and MRI of 20 cases of patients diagnosed as multiple myeloma in our hospital from July,2008 to July,2013 by bone marrow puncture or pathological examination were analyzed, and the influence of the corresponding characteristics of diagnostics was concluded.Results By X-ray examination,it was found that of the 20 patients,15 cases(75%)had various types of osteolytic damage;the damage parts were mainly in the head (18 cases), thoracic vertebra(16 cases),lumbar vertebra(16 cases),ribs(10 cases), and the pelvis(10 cases);12 cases of patients complicated by osteoporosis. And 12 cases by CT examination,not only for X-ray film imaging diagnosis were reviewed, it was concluded that bone damage; rib, pelvic,vertebral appendages damage,soft tissue damage and other problems of 5 cases were detected by CT but the X-ray failed to clearly show.The final 8 cases underwent spinal MRI, including 1 case of normal type,3 cases of focal type,3 cases of diffuse type, 1 case of focal type and diffuse type,1 case of salt and pepper type(positive rate 90%).Conclusion For imaging diagnosis of multiple myeloma tumor characteristics, imaging judgment provides effective data support for clinical practice.CT examination with high density resolution, as the supplement of X-ray examination,can be given to the patients diagnosed by X-ray examination and needed treatment,or whose symptoms were not detected by X-ray examination but the patients were suspected to have the disease in clinical practice.MRI examination can be given to patients who have good economic conditions or need observing lesions because of complex symptoms.The diagnostic coincidence rate can be improved through the combined use of clinical, imaging examination, laboratory examination, and pathological data.