美国洪水保险制度实施46年来运行的总体特点是：洪水保险参与度逐步提高；35年来收支基本平衡，总体运行良好；重大洪水灾害损失大、赔付困难。近年来，受“卡特里娜”飓风和“桑迪”飓风等造成的重大洪水灾害影响，特大洪水保险赔付赤字巨大，迫使美国国会通过《2012年洪水保险改革法》，意欲使洪水保险费率反映全部洪水风险，但因老房子保险费率提高较大、地方政府和洪泛区居民的强烈反对而使改革受阻。虽然建立洪水保险制度是必要的也是可行的，但由于洪水保险是低费率且需政府担保的基础保障险，需要科学合理制定洪水保险费率并设立洪水保险储备基金。通过对美国洪水保险制度运行情况分析，对逐步建立和完善我国的洪水保险制度，增强我国防灾减灾能力提供借鉴。%During the past 46 years, the major characteristics of National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in the USA are: increased flood insurance holders; flood insurance organizations financial y balanced; however, insurance premiums col ected were insufficient in covering payouts after major flooding events. The congress passed the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 to cover a huge flood insurance payments deficit which affected by Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy. The intended purpose of the program was to ful y reflect flood risks using flood insurance premium rates, but it was aborted by local government and property owners at flood prone areas. On March 2014, President Obama signed the homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 into law to offer less expensive insurance to homeowners. NFIP of the US is a useful reference for establishing flood insurance in China in order to reduce the overal costs to individuals hit by floods disaster.
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