日粮添加植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

摘要

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of plant essential oils added to diets on growth performance and immune functions of weaned piglets.150 weaned piglets(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)were randomly divided into 5 groups,each group of 3 replicates with 10 piglets per replicate.The 5 groups were fed with basal diets(control treat,CT),basal diets+50 mg/kg of colistin sulfate(antibiotic group,AT),basal diets+50 mg/kg of plant essential oil(experiment treat,ET1),basal diets+100 mg/kg plant essential oil(experiment treat,ET2),basal diets+150 mg/kg plant essential oil(experiment treat,ET3).The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,addition of antibiotics and plant essential oil in the diets could significantly increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned piglets(P＜0.05).The added amount of 150 mg/kg of plant essential oil had reached or approached the effect of antibiotic addition(P＜0.05).Antibiotics and plant essential oils also increased serum total protein,albumin,IgA and IgG levels(P＜0.05),increased complement C3 and C4 levels(P＜0.05),thus enhanced the immune function of piglets.In conclusion,the addition of antibiotics or plant essential oil to the diets could significantly improve the growth performance and immune function of weaned piglets.The add effect of colistin sulfate was better than that of 50,100 mg/kg of plant essential oil,but 150 mg/kg of added plant essential oil could maintain the growth-promoting effect equivalent to 50 mg/kg of colistin sulfate,which indicated that suitable dose of plant essential oils will be a good alternative for antibiotics.%本试验旨在研究日粮中添加植物精油替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响.试验选取健康、体重接近的25日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪150头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪.5个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组,CT),添加50?mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素的日粮(抗生素组,AT),添加50?mg/kg植物精油的日粮(试验1组),添加100?mg/kg植物精油的日粮(试验2组),添加150?mg/kg植物精油的日粮(试验3组),整个试验为期28?d.结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加抗生素和植物精油均可显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),150?mg/kg添加量的植物精油已经达到或接近抗生素的添加效果(P＜0.05);抗生素和植物精油还可以提高仔猪血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、IgA和IgG水平(P＜0.05),增加补体C3和C4含量(P＜0.05),增强仔猪机体的免疫功能.综上所述,日粮添加抗生素或是植物精油可显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和免疫功能,硫酸黏杆菌素的添加效果要优于50、100?mg/kg添加量的植物精油,但150?mg/kg添加量的植物精油已经可以维持与50?mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素相当的促生长效果,这表明合适剂量的植物精油具有良好的抗生素替代前景.