通过序批试验,分析污泥生物沥滤过程中pH值、异养菌数量变化以及硫细菌的形态,探讨了污泥中重金属在胞外多聚物(EPS)中的分布变化.结果表明,污泥经生物沥滤后异养菌大量死亡.扫描电镜和透射电镜对污泥微生物形态的观测发现,随着生物沥滤时间的延长,生物沥滤污泥明显比对照污泥中的微生物分布紧密,而且杆状和短杆状菌呈现逐渐增多趋势.生物沥滤后期出现受损的细菌胞体以及释放了细胞物质的细菌空壳.污泥沥滤液中EPS含量有所增加,沥滤过程中EPS的松散结合态与紧密结合态的比值呈现先上升后下降趋势,可反映沥滤前期细菌处于加速生长期的居多,而后期处于减速生长期的细菌逐渐增多.污泥 EPS 中重金属含量在生物沥滤几天后表现持续增长,Cu、Pb和Zn分布于EPS中的最高含量分别占污泥中总量的14.7%、20.3%和24.2%.延长酸化时间,EPS可被水解,而导致其中重金属含量呈现一定下降趋势.%Lots of heterotrophic bacteria died after sewage sludge bioleaching. The exploration of microbial communities using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy illustrated that the bacteria distribution in bioleaching sludge was more intensive than that in the control sludge, and the rod-shaped and short rod-shaped bacteria appeared to increase with the extension of time. The damaged bacteria cell and residual cell without intracellular matter emerged at the anaphase of bioleaching. The weight percentage of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the sludge leachate increased after bioleaching. The EPS ratio of loosely bound fraction to tightly bound fraction exhibited an upward trend followed with a downward trend, which indicated that large quantities of bacteria were at accelerated growth phase during the prophase of bioleaching while at deceleration growth phase during the anaphase of bioleaching. The content of heavy metals in the EPS showed a continuous increase after several days of nm. The highest content percentages of Cu, Pb and Zn in the EPS with respect to the total sludge content were 14.7％、 20.3％ and 24.2％ respectively. EPS could be hydrolyzed under prolonged bioleaching, resulting in a decrease of heavy metals content in EPS.
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