上海冬季公共交通出行PM1污染暴露特征

摘要

PM1 exposure by typical transport modes (bus and subway) in Shanghai were measured from Nov. 14th to Nov. 26th ,2011 using DustTrak?-II-8530 to understand the fine particulate matter exposure characteristics by these transport modes. The average PM1 exposure concentrations were (0.079±0.067) mg/m3 and (0.065±0.056) mg/m3 for bus and subway trips respectively. The in-transit exposure concentrations, especially in-train, were lower than the outdoor exposure concentration. The inhalation doses were (0.028±0.024) mg and (0.034±0.033) mg for bus and subway trips respectively. The in-transit exposure dose contributed 52.2% to the total inhalation dose along bus trips. The inhalation doses on subway trips mainly occurred in the outdoor and in-station sections (42.4% and 44.2% respectively). The difference between the inter-mode relationship of the exposure concentrations and that of the inhalation doses indicated that travel pattern and inhalation rate as well as exposure concentration were key factors for the evaluation of the public health impact of air pollution.%使用DustTrakTM-Ⅱ-8530粉尘仪对上海市居民出行的典型公共交通出行(地铁和公交车)的PM1暴露水平进行了平行监测,以了解其暴露特征.结果表明,公交车和地铁出行的单程平均PM1暴露浓度分别为(0.079±0.067)mg/m3和(0.065±0.056)mg/m3;交通工具内的暴露浓度低于户外步行的暴露浓度,尤其是地铁车厢内.公交车和地铁出行的单程暴露剂量分别为(0.028±0.024)mg和(0.034±0.033)mg.公交车出行的暴露剂量主要来源于车内,其贡献率达52.2％；地铁出行的暴露剂量主要来源于地面步行段(42.4％)及进站候车(44.2％).2种出行方式之间的暴露剂量和暴露浓度相对大小的不同表明,空气污染对公众健康影响的分析需要综合考虑出行方式和呼吸速率等的影响.