为建立和量化适于河流型饮用水水源地选址的评价体系,以北方某城市A的水源地选址方案为研究对象,通过层次分析法(AHP)从法律制约、环境质量、水资源保障和环境风险角度构建评价体系.评价体系共设立8个否定因子和20个评价因子,采用文献分析和专家问卷调查相结合的方法确定评价因子权重,并依据环境标准和技术导则确定评分标准,可对多个选址方案进行评价与优选.研究表明,城市A的选址方案Ⅰ与方案Ⅱ 均可做为水源地选址方案进行工程论证；城市A所处流域综合水质状况不佳,在后续的给水厂建设中应考虑采用深度处理工艺；城市A的选址方案Ⅰ与方案Ⅱ的环境风险系数均较高,管理部门应依据选址方案的风险特征加强上游风险源管理.%In order to establish and quantize the assessment system for the site selection of river drinking source water, City A in northern was took as the case. The assessment system which involve law, environmental quality, water resources protection and environmental risk was established by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). There were eight negative factors and twenty evaluation factors in the system, and the weight of evaluation factors were defined by literature review and expert survey. These evaluation factors were quantized according to environmental standards and technical guidelines. Both program I and II of City A can be carried engineering appraisal out; the water quality of river basin was no good, so the advanced treatment process should be considered in the construction of water plant; the environmental risk index of program I and II were high, administration should strengthen the management of risk source on the risk characteristics.
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