中国畜牧业全生命周期温室气体排放时空特征分析

摘要

This study considers six key links of livestock: gastrointestinal fermentation, manure management system, energy consumption of livestock and poultry breeding, feed grain planting, processing and transportation of feed grain, slaughtering and processing of animal products to estimate the livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during 1990to 2011by lifecircle assessment, in each part of China using panel data. Results showed that the emissions of CO2 equivalent of livestock by lifecycle assessment and various aspects showed an upward trend over the past 22years, particularly in the energy consumption of livestock and poultry breeding, feed grain planting, feed grain processing and transportation and slaughtering and processing of animal products. But the emissions of CO2 equivalent from feed processing and transporting and animal products slaughtering and processing accounted for the total emissions from livestock were less than 1%and 0.05%. The emissions of CO2 equivalent from gastrointestinal fermentation and manure management system, showed a downward trend. The emissions from ruminant livestock account for 55.25%, while nonruminant livestock account for 44.75%over the past 22years. In 2011, both the emissions and emissionsintensity of CO2 equivalent from Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Yunnan’s livestock were among the national top 10. Comparing different economic divisions together, showed that the livestock emissions of the western region was the largest proportion of emissions nationwide. And the emissionsintensity of Western and Northeastern were significantly higher than the Eastern and Central in China. Comparing different livestock divisions showed that the emissions of CO2equivalent from agricultural areas’ livestock accounted for 63.88%of China, however the emissionintensity of pastoral areas were the highest, while the emissionintensity of agriculture areas were the lowest.%运用生命周期评价方法,选取家畜胃肠道发酵、粪便管理系统、畜禽饲养环节耗能、饲料粮种植、饲料粮运输加工和畜禽产品屠宰加工6大环节,采用面板数据测算和分析1990~2011年中国及2011年国内各地区畜牧业温室气体排放特征.研究表明,22年间,中国畜牧业全生命周期及各个环节的CO2当量排放量均呈现上升趋势,尤其是畜禽饲养耗能、饲料粮种植、饲料粮运输加工和畜禽屠宰加工环节的增长更为显著,但历年饲料粮运输加工和畜禽屠宰加工环节占畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放总量的比重均低于1%和0.05%；家畜胃肠道发酵和粪便管理系统环节占畜牧业全生命周期CO2当量排放总量的比重呈下降趋势；22年间,反刍家畜的CO2当量排放量占55.25%,非反刍畜禽占44.75%.2011年,国内省域间内蒙古、辽宁和云南的畜牧业全生命周期CO2排放当量和排放强度均位居全国前10位；西部地区畜牧业全生命周期 CO2当量排放量所占比重最大,并且西部地区的排放强度最高；农区畜牧业全生命周期 CO2当量排放量占63.88%,牧区占14.07%,但牧区的排放强度最高,农区最低.