This study attempted to investigate the soil archaeal community structure of bare board and other four kinds of halophyte vegetation (Saline Seepweed, Angiospermae, Imperata and A. venetum) in the Yellow River Delta by using high-throughput sequencing technology, and revealed its response to halophytic vegetation succession. The vegetation coverage would help to reduce the extent of soil salinization and increase the content of soil nutrients. The soil available phosphorus had a rising trend with the salt vegetation forward succession in bare board- heavy salt soil(Saline Seepweed, Angiospermae)- light salt soil(Imperata, A. venetum). The soil archaeal community structure of the 5soil differed significantly, bare board with no vegetation coverage had the highest soil archaeal community diversity and richness, and Euryarchaeota was the advantage microflora. Soil archaeal community structure wasn’t consistent strictly with halophytic vegetation succession. The community structure of soil archaea didn’t have obvious similarity when the halophytic vegetation succession at the same stage. Most community structure of soil archaea had differences at different successional stages, while the differences were not all greater when at the different stage. With the salt vegetation forward succession, the soil temperature, electrical conductivity (salinity) and total nitrogen played catalytic roles to soil archaeal community structure diversity, while the soil available nitrogen and organic matter had inhibitory effects.%采用高通量测序技术，探究黄河三角洲光板地和4种典型盐生植被类型(翅碱蓬、獐茅、白茅和罗布麻)下土壤古菌群落组成和数量分布特征，揭示其对盐生植被演替的响应.结果表明，植被覆盖有利于降低土壤盐化程度、增加土壤营养物质含量，土壤速效磷随盐生植被在光板地-重盐土壤(翅碱蓬、獐茅)-轻盐土壤(白茅、罗布麻)中的正向演替有不断升高的趋势.5种覆被类型下土壤古菌在种群组成上差异明显，无植被覆盖的光板地具有最高的古菌群落多样性和丰富度，广古菌门为优势菌群.土壤古菌群落结构与盐生植被演替顺序不具有严格的一致性：当植被处于相同演替阶段时，土壤古菌群落结构不具明显的相似性；在不同演替阶段时，土壤古菌群落结构也未均表现出更大的差异性.随着盐生植被正向演替，土壤温度、电导率(含盐量)对土壤古菌群落结构多样性起促进作用，土壤全氮、碱解氮、有机质起抑制作用.
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