生活垃圾焚烧过程中不可避免产生烟气污染物,加重邻避区域环境污染.为有效评估污染物扩散影响,本文提出邻避区域范围定量化界定方法,构建邻避区域焚烧污染风险评估模型,并给出其可接受性标准,即RA≤RA*,RB≤RA*.以浙江省某市生活垃圾焚烧厂2015-07-31~2016-08-01运营时段为例,科学估算其邻避区域焚烧污染风险.结果表明:颗粒物与酸性气体(SO2、HCl)浓度超标情况严重,春夏季节超标率分别为51.9%、76.5%,秋冬季节分别为54.9%、67.6%.风险值RBSSW=1.93×10-3≈1.5RSSWA*,RBN=4.18×10-3≈1.4RNA*.不同季风SSW、N下,RB均超出RA*水平.针对RA控制,根据6类烟气净化组合工艺与相应的?c(投入)估算,能够为焚烧厂以可接受的成本投入,选择最优化风险水平的烟气净化工艺.针对RB控制,半干式脱硫塔与布袋除尘设备运营状况应重点被监管,并针对故障原因及时维护与管理.%Emissions were produced inevitably in the process of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), resulting in deterioration in environmental quality in the NIMBY area. In order to better assess the impact of emissions dispersion, an environmental risk assessment model for waste incineration was built, based on quantitative scoping method of NIMBY area. Assessment criteria for incineration risk acceptability were provided as RA≤RA*,RB≤RA* respectively. Based on a case study of a MSWI in Zhejiang province during the operating periods of 2015-07-31~2016-08-01, environmental risk of incineration was estimated. The estimation revealed that: (1) The concentrations of particulate matters and acid gases (SO2, HCl) were 51.9% and 76.5% higher than the limit in spring and summer; and 54.9% and 67.6% higher respectively in autumn and winter. Risk level was RBSSW=1.93×10-3≈1.5RSSWA*,RBN=4.18×10-3≈1.4RNA*. Under the different monsoon (SSW, N), the risk level RB was both above RA* averagely. (2) For controlling RA, the optimal acceptable risk level for emissions could be achieved for the enterprise within an acceptable economic cost, based on six combinations of flue gas purification process and the estimation on ?c(investment ). For controlling RB, the operation of half dry desulfurization tower and bag-type dust collector should be management carefully, and maintenance for each failure events should be carried out timely.
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