基于遥感与GIS的青藏高原典型电网工程生态环境敏感性分析

摘要

为了评估电网工程对生态环境的影响,以概念图的形式确定并表达了电网工程特定活动直接或间接作用于复杂自然环境带来的生态环境影响,基于RS与GIS技术,构建并定量化了敏感性评价指标体系,运用空间主成分方法对青藏高原典型电网工程开展应用.结果显示:研究区的总体生态环境敏感程度很高且集聚效应显著,重度和极度敏感区集中分布(高-高空间关联模式)在研究区中部的雅鲁藏布大峡谷和东南部的高山河谷地带.依据生态环境敏感程度分布状况形成的电网工程极度敏感标段,重度敏感标段,中度敏感标段和轻度敏感标段应利用不同自然条件采取相应的措施降低工程对生态环境的影响.该方法可为复杂自然条件下其他大型工程建设的生态环境影响评价提供借鉴.%In order to assess the impact of power grid engineering on the ecological environment, the direct and indirect eco-environmental impacts of the power grid project in the complex natural environment was evaluated using a conceptual model. Based on RS and GIS technology, the sensitivity evaluation index system was constructed. The ecological environment sensitivity to the construction of the Typical Power Grid Engineering was evaluated by using the spatial principal component analysis method on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the overall ecological environment of the study area was highly sensitive and the agglomeration effect (HH spatial correlation pattern) was significant. The severe and extreme sensitive areas were concentrated in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, the middle of the study area, and the Alpine Valley in the southeast zone. For regions assigned to each ecological environmental vulnerability level, (i.e. the extreme sensitive, the severe sensitive, the medium sensitive and the light sensitive), corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the impacts of the project on the ecological environment. The index method proposed by this study can be used to evaluate the ecological environment impacts of other large-scale projects under complex natural conditions.