针对煤矿粉尘对矿井安全生产以及职工身体健康的影响,亟需对粉尘颗粒物本身性质进行研究.分别采集河南省义马市某煤矿矿井掘进煤巷(未生产时、生产时)、掘进岩巷和喷射混凝土作业现场空气中粉尘样品,利用场发射扫描电镜—能谱仪进行分析,研究所采集粉尘样品的显微形貌特征及其元素组成.结果表明:在掘进煤巷中采集的粉尘颗粒形状多样,有柱状、片状以及不规则棱角状;喷射混凝土现场粉尘多为球状,且具明显的粘聚现象;而岩巷中粉尘大多为单颗粒,有明显的棱角且粒径相对较小.分析不同工作区域PM2.5、PM10以及TSP浓度得出:TSP和PM10浓度由喷射混凝土现场到生产时的煤巷再到岩巷呈递增趋势且增幅较大;PM2.5在三者之间变化不大,但总体也呈递增趋势;未生产时的煤巷各粒径粉尘浓度均为最低;岩巷中各粉尘浓度最高.%Aimed at the affects of coal dust on coal mine safe production and the health of workers,it is necessary to study the features of coal dust.Taking a coal mine in Yima City of Henan Province as an example,the dust samples were collected in the air of the coal roadway (not production,production),excavating rock drift and shotcrete work site.High resolution field emission scanning electron microcopy (FESEM) was used to study the microscopic morphology characteristics and elements of the dust samples.And it was obtained that,the particulate matter exist collected in the coal roadway is diverse,columnar,flaky,irregularly shaped,and so on.the particulate matter in shotcrete work site is mainly globular,and has presented obvious cohesive phenomena;the particulate matter of excavating rock drift is mostly single,and has obvious sharp-edge,and the diameter of the particulate is small.Analyzing the concentration of the PM2.5,PM10 and TSP in different work areas,and the conclusions are as follows:from shotcrete site to coal roadway in production then to excavating rock drift,the concentration of TSP and PM10 is increasing and the growth is bigger;PM2.5 is in little change but also showed a trend of increasing;the coal roadway without production has the lowest dust concentration;the dust concentration of rock drift is the highest.
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