旋转机械故障的信号处理与诊断方法综述

摘要

水泵叶片等旋转机械的故障诊断主要采用振动法进行信号获取,通过在叶片上布置传感器获取振动信号并进行分析.目前广泛采用的方法是在设备大修或停机时在叶片上进行振动检测,而这样的检测方法不能实时获取设备运行情况,若在设备工作状态下叶片等机械发生故障,则会导致无法预计的损失.因此,对旋转机械实现长期有效的在线检测是未来故障信号获取方法研究的方向.以江苏省秦淮新河抽水站的轴流泵机组振动检测为例,提出了对设备在线检测的方法并对其优劣势进行了分析.%The fault diagnosis of the pump blade was mainly used for signal acquisition by vibration method,and the sensor was placed on the blade to obtain the vibration signal and analyze it.Overhaul of equipments in the widely used method was in or when stop on the blade vibration testing,and that the detection method of real-time access to equipment running status,if the equipment work condition such as blade mechanical failure,leads to could(t) expected losses.Therefore,long-term and effective on-line detection of rotating machinery was the direction of future fault signal acquisition method.This paper takes the vibration detection of the axial flow pump unit of Qinhuaixinhe pumping station in Jiangsu Province as an example,and puts forward the method of on-line detection of equipment and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages.