山西省奶牛淘汰原因分析

摘要

奶牛淘汰策略是影响养殖场效益的因素之一。本研究对从山西省三个规模化牛场获得的2011~2013年奶牛淘汰相关数据进行统计分析，结果表明，奶牛淘汰率平均在10%左右。与奶牛业发达国家相比，本研究得出的淘汰率偏低且多为被动淘汰，主动淘汰很少。对淘汰原因进行分析发现，因繁殖问题淘汰的奶牛比重（30.74%）最大，且绝大部分淘汰发生于泌乳前30d或泌乳360d后；因乳房问题淘汰的奶牛比重（16.45%）占其次，且集中发生于泌乳150~180d，即奶牛泌乳中期阶段。这些结果对为牛场饲养管理提出可行的科学建议有参考价值。%There are evidences indicate that culling strategy can affect a farm’s economic beneifts in dairy cattle. Data related to culling information from 2011 to 2013 in three scaled Holstein farms in Shanxi province were analyzed. Results showed that, the culling rate averages at around 10%. Compared to dairy developed countries, the culling rate from current study was low, and almost no voluntary culling was observed. Analysis of culling reasons indicated that, dairy cows culled due to reproductive problems took the largest proportion (30.74%), and most of them were eliminated before 30 days in milk or after 360 days in milk, number of dairy cows culled due to udder problems (16.45%) ranked at the second place, and most of them were culled between 150 to 180 days in milk, which should be the middle stage of a lactation. Our results may provide references to scientiifc advices for improving dairy farm management.