围产期奶牛能量负平衡的生理变化及关键r缓解措施

摘要

Due to a series of physiological changes, such as pregnancy, parturition and postpartum lactation, it is easy to occur negative energy balance in the peripartum cows. The negative energy balance leads to the disorder of physiological metabolism of dairy cows, which leads to the disorder of energy metabolism, and reduces the production performance of the whole lactation period. This paper briefly introduced the physiological and metabolic characteristics of perinatal cows, including digestion of rumen, metabolism of blood and secretion of hormones, endocrine and immune function, then summarized the measures to alleviate the negative energy balance of dairy cows in recent years, the aim is to provide material for resolving the negative energy balance in peripartum cows.%围产期奶牛由于经历妊娠、分娩和产后泌乳等一系列生理代谢变化,极易发生能量负平衡现象.能量负平衡可导致奶牛生理代谢紊乱而产生能量代谢障碍性疾病,降低整个泌乳期的生产性能.本文从瘤胃消化、血液代谢和激素分泌以及内分泌和免疫机能等方面简单介绍了围产期奶牛生理代谢变化特征,并总结归纳近几年缓解奶牛能量负平衡的有效应用措施,为解决围产期奶牛能量负平衡问题提供参考.