复杂岩石地层隧道掘进机操作特性分析

摘要

In order to promote the advancement efficiency and to improve TBM adaptation to geological conditions, the operation characteristics of TBMs were studied. TBM driving tests were developed at the Chongqing Yangtze River tunnel to analyze selection rules for cutterhead torque, cutterhead thrust force and rotation speed, based on which, the relationships between main driving parameters and penetration were analyzed. Then the matching performances between the torque and the thrust force in different rocks were analyzed. On the basis of the relationships between the main driving parameters, the operation characteristics as represented by the relationships between torque and thrust force were plotted into curves. The curves were employed to analyze and decide a matching scheme of the main driving parameters in different rocks. When the machine was driving in soft rocks, the torque reached peak value, but the thrust force could not take full advantage of its capacity. With increasing of rock strength, the thrust force needs to be increased. The TBM could take full advantage of its thrust force as well as the torque. The optimum operation relationship between the two parameters was obtained. If the rock was too hard, the thrust force was close to its peak value, however the penetration was lower, and the cutter rotation resistance decreased, it was very hard to take the torque capacity. As a result, when the machine was planned, the hardness of rocks should be considered by the designer according to the TBM operation characteristics＇ The operator should timely regulate the matching characteristics of the main parameters according to its operation characteristic curves.%为提高掘进效率，改进掘进机与地层的匹配性设计，对掘进机的操作特性进行研究。基于重庆越江隧道盾构掘进试验，分析复杂岩石地层盾构刀盘扭矩、刀盘推力及转速的参数选用原则，在此基础上，分析主掘进参数与切深的关系。随后，对不同地层条件下刀盘扭矩与推力之间的匹配性进行分析，绘制了刀盘扭矩与推力之间的操作特性曲线，并用于分析和制定不同地层条件下的主掘进参数匹配方案。对于较软的泥岩，刀盘扭矩先达到最大值，而推力却不能发挥其最大能力；岩石强度增高，所需推力增加，在发挥扭矩能力的前提下，推力也能发挥其功能，从而使二者达到最佳操作关系；若岩石强度过高，推力保持在最大值，但切深很浅，滚刀旋转阻力减小，刀盘扭矩很难发挥最大能力。因此，应视地层软硬，根据刀盘推力与扭矩的操作特性对刀盘的主掘进参数进行合理设计，并在掘进过程中实时调整其匹配关系。