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土木工程学报

土木工程学报

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China Civil Engineering Journal
本刊为专业技术性刊物。登载土木工程发展综述，重大土木工程实录，发表结构工程、岩土工程及其相关学科的论文报告，包括科研、设计、施工方面的研究成果与工程实践总结。主要栏目有：桥梁结构、建筑结构、隧道地下结构、基础工程、结构工程、桥梁工程、岩土力学及基础工程、隧道及地下工程、道路工程、重大工程施工报道等。读者对象为从事土木工程设计、施工、科研的中高级工程技术人员和相关专业的大专院校师生。
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  • 被引量：7169
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  • 国内刊号/CN：11-2120/TU
    国际刊号/ISSN：1000-131X
  • 发行周期：月刊
    邮发代号：2-582
  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
    主办单位：中国土木工程学会
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土木工程学报 >2021年第005期

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  • 摘要：An innovated formwork-free steel-concrete composite structure, CTSRC (Cold-formed Thin-walled Steel Reinforced Concrete) composite structure, is presented. Walls and floors in residential buildings may use such structural system that is composed of skeleton of vertical cold-formed thin-walled steel studs with web openings connected to horizontal steel strips, permanent formwork of steel meshes, and cast-in concrete. Four CTSRC composite shear walls are tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads. The behaviorsincluding failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, ductility and stiffness degradation are investigated, and the failure mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that the CTSRC shear walls possess adequate strength and ductility for multi-story residential buildings. It is found that their failure modes depend on the steel studs and the meshes, and that the ductility and the carrying capacity can be enhanced significantly by increasing the amount of steel reinforcements. Based on the test results, a design approach is developed. The method for calculating the capacity, based on the existing formula for reinforced concrete shear walls, are proposed for CTSRC walls.%钢网构架混凝土复合结构是一种免模板的新型钢-混凝土组合结构体系,由腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢和与之正交的型钢拉条构成钢构骨架,再外覆钢模网充当永久模板,最后浇入混凝土从而形成墙体和楼板等住宅建筑中的基本构件.通过4个钢网构架混凝土复合结构墙体在水平反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,研究这种新型结构形式的剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性、刚度退化等受力性能,分析其破坏机理.研究表明,此新型墙体在多层住宅结构中具有较高的承载力和较好的延性,其中型钢和钢模网共同影响着墙体的破坏形态,墙体中配钢能显著提高墙体的延性和承载力.在试验的基础上,对此墙体的设计计算方法进行研究,基于现行钢筋混凝土剪力墙的计算公式建议钢网构架混凝土复合墙体的承载力计算方法.
  • 摘要：Urbanization is important for China's economic development strategy, and as an important carrier of urbanization, small towns and their healthy development is of great significance. The key problem of developing small towns is lack of corresponding industry support, and industrial base formation and development needs good investment environment for protection. Based on analyzing the relationship between the optimization of investment environment and the agglomeration of industry, an interactive coupling evaluation system is proposed for industry agglomeration and investment environments in terms of resources, economy and social services, and an analysis of the Wang Gang town of Harbin presented to verify the conclusions. Specific means and ideas are also provided for optimizing investment environment through industry agglomeration in small towns.%城镇化是我国经济发展的重要战略,小城镇是城镇化的重要载体,其健康发展意义重大.小城镇发展中的突出问题是缺乏相应的产业支撑,而产业基础的形成与发展需要良好的投资环境为保障.通过对投资环境优化与产业集聚互动关系的分析,从资源环境、经济环境、社会服务环境等方面构建了小城镇投资环境与产业集聚的互动耦合系统评价指标体系,并通过深圳市布吉镇的实例予以验证,提出了适应小城镇产业集聚发展的投资环境优化的具体措施,旨在为小城镇投资环境建设提供新思路.
  • 摘要：An experiment study of the Guangzhou West Tower (GWT) with a height of 432 meters is carried out by using the MDOF aero-elastic model technique in a boundary layer wind tunnel at Shantou University, and the results are compared with those of the stiffness model based experiment using the high frequency base balance (HFBB) technique. The Random Decrement Technology (RDT) is applied to identify the aerodynamic damping of GWT. Good agreement in wind-induced response is found between the two techniques when same damping ratio is employed to calculate the wind induced response in the HFBB approach. Generally, the aerodynamic damping of GWT is positive for a large range of wind speed. The results show that the aerodynamic damping increases with the increase of the wind speed and a maximum aerodynamic damping of 1.74% is found when the wind speed at the gradient wind height is 45.4m/s. The aerodynamic damping decreases rapidly near the critical wind speed and a minimum aerodynamic damping of - 0.06% is found at a wind speed of 51m/s. Conclusions are summarized to serve as a reference for the wind-resistant design of GWT.%在边界层风洞中对432m高的广州珠江新城西塔进行多自由度气动弹性模型试验,并和刚性模型的高频底座力天平(HFBB)结果作比较,采用随机减量技术(RDT)识别该超高层建筑的气动阻尼特性.结果显示:在采用相同的阻尼比情况下,气弹模型和HFBB的结果具有较好的一致性;西塔的横风向气动阻尼基本上均为正数,在低风速段随风速的增加而增加,在梯度风风速为45.4m/s时达到最大值为1.75%,随后在临界风速附近急剧下降,在51m/s时降到最小值,约为-0.06%.得出的一些结果可以作为西塔抗风设计参考的依据.
  • 摘要：润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥(润扬悬索桥)在国内首次采用将缆、梁固结的刚性中央扣代替已建悬索桥常用的跨中短吊索.基于ANSYS建立该桥的三维有限元计算模型,同时利用桥址区实测强风特性数据、基于谐波合成法和FFT技术建立桥址区考虑桥塔风效应的三维脉动风场,在此基础上进行该桥非线性抖振响应时域分析,重点研究刚性中央扣对大跨度悬索桥风致抖振响应的影响.研究结果表明,中央扣结构对大跨度悬索桥抖振响应的影响与风速有关.相对而言,主梁较主塔的抖振响应受中央扣的影响大;竖向位移较横向和扭转位移受到的影响大.研究结果为该桥的风致抖振性能评价提供必要的研究基础,同时为后刚性中央扣结构在大跨悬索桥中的广泛应用提供参考.%Rigid central buckle is employed, for the first time in China, in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) to replace the commonly used short suspender in the main span. A finite element model for the RSB is established using the ANSYS software. Combining with the spectral representation method and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique, the three-dimensional turbulence wind field with the tower wind effect is simulated, based on the measurement data of strong wind characteristics of the bridge. Nonlinear buffeting response time-domain analysis is conducted and the influence of the central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of the long-span suspension bridge is studied. The results show that the influence of the central buckle on the buffeting response of the long-span suspension bridges is related to the wind speed. The buffeting response of the deck is influenced more significantly than that of the two towers. The vertical displacement is influenced more significantly than the transverse and torsional displacements.
  • 摘要：对径向非均质土体中复刚度传递的多圈层平面应变模型和多弹簧串联的多圈层平面应变模型的精确程度及其适用性进行研究,根据精确的三维连续介质模型得到的结果,与上述两种简化模型进行效验对比.首先对桩土接触面上的复剪切刚度的实部和虚部进行对比,然后分别在多种工况条件下,对采用上述两种平面应变模型时桩顶动力响应进行比较分析.结果表明,复刚度传递的多圈层平面应变模型在绝大多数情况下具有足够高精度,而采用多弹簧串联的多圈层平面应变模型的结果误差较大,这为径向非均质土体中平面应变理论的应用提供了重要的理论依据.%The accuracy and applicability of complex stiffness transfer plane-strain model and series connection spring plane-strain model in radial-heterogeneous soil layers are presented. From the results of a precise three-dimensional continuum model, comparative studies on the two types of plane-stain models are conducted. The soil complex stiffness at pile-soil interface is studied. Comparisons of responses in the frequency domain and the time domain are obtained under various construction conditions. The study proves that the differences between the continuum model and the complex stiffness transfer plane-strain model are generally small, and the accuracy of the complex stiffness transfer plain-strain model is sufficient. It is also found that the accuracy of the series connection spring plane-strain model is inadequate.
  • 摘要：A model was developed for quantitative evaluation of the sustainability performance of construction corporations. The concept of construction corporation sustainability and the frame of sustainability performance evaluation were analyzed, the indicators presented, and the fuzzy identification model and calculation method for sustainability performance of construction corporations studied. A case study based on a state-owned construction corporation in Beijing was conducted. The results showed that during the period of 2001 to 2007, the sustainability performance of the corporation increased from 0. 525 to 0. 814, and the sustainability performance level of the corporation developed from "sustainable" to "strong sustainable", according to the standard of construction corporations in Beijing. The conclusions include: the indicators have accurate connotations, the calculation methods are pragmatic, and the evaluation model is rational.%为定量评价建筑施工企业可持续性绩效,建立评价模型.分析可持续性的概念和可持续性绩效评价的框架,建立指标体系,研究计算各个层面可持续性水平的模糊识别评价法和企业可持续性绩效水平的计算方法,以北京市某大型国有建筑施工企业为例进行案例分析.该企业的可持续性绩效在2001年至2007年期间,从0.525逐渐增长为0.814,参照北京市建筑施工企业可持续性绩效标准值,该企业由"可持续"水平进入到"强可持续"水平.结果表明,所建立的指标体系内涵准确,评价方法可操作性强,评价模型科学合理.
  • 摘要：基于节段模型测力试验的结果,采用随机振动响应分析中的完全二次组合法(CQC)对广州新电视塔结构进行随机风致振动响应分析,包含振型之间交叉项对响应的影响.“串联多质点系”力学模型被用来模拟电视塔结构,每层质点可考虑两个水平方向的线位移和绕竖向参考轴的转动位移.通过计算确定该电视塔不同高度上的风致振动位移响应、加速度响应、截面内力响应.计算结果表明,电视塔结构极值位移、内力随风向有相同的变化规律并且天线结构鞭梢效应对加速度的影响程度远大于位移.同时提供的等效静力风荷载考虑多个模态及模态间交叉项对响应的影响,可用于计算电视塔结构的位移及内力根方差响应.%Wind-induced responses of the Guangzhou New TV Tower structure are computed based on the wind pressures on the tower obtained from wind tunnel force balance test on the sectional model, and the Complete Quadratic Combination method ( CQC method) considering modal coupling effects is adopted. A multiple-degree-of-freedom system with lumped masses in series is used to simulate the tower structure, in which each mass may undergo lateral and rotational movements with respect to the vertical reference axis. The wind-induced displacement, acceleration, internal force responses are calculated. It is found that the peak values of displacement and internal force of the Guangzhou New TV Tower structure as a function of wind direction have the same trend, and that the whipping effects of the antenna have more influence on acceleration than on displacement. The equivalent static wind loads for computing RMS responses of displacement or internal force are provided, which can take into account of modal coupling effects.
  • 摘要：在MTS材料试验机上进行相同尺寸的混凝土、骨料(花岗岩)、砂浆和骨料-砂浆界面4种试件的轴拉试验,采用宽频式传感器同步采集从加载到最终破坏全过程的声发射(AE)信号特征参数和波形,比较由声发射撞击累计数曲线所代表的损伤发展过程,分析声发射振幅和上升时间参数以及波形频谱所表征的不同材料声发射特征,对声发射波形的FFT频谱能量在不同频段上的分布进行统计分析,并根据声发射波形频谱图的特征形状对其进行分类,结果表明:混凝土及其三种组成材料试件在轴拉损伤破坏过程中,界面和砂浆试件损伤出现得最早;骨料试件中的短上升时间(<30μs)的撞击所占的比例最高,达到了约84％;声发射信号能量按照大小顺序主要分布在100～150kHz、200～250kHz、250～300kHz和150～200kHz 4个频段;界面试件与其他试件的不同之处在于.200～250kHz频段所集中的能量略高于250～300kHz频段;骨料试件第一主频在250～300kHz频段的撞击数量占总数的比例为35.7％,而砂浆和界面分别为25.2％和13.9％;界面试件第一主频在200～250kHz的撞击比例为16.1％.而骨料和砂浆试件分别为6.5％和4.8％.研究结论有助于进一步识别混凝土损伤断裂过程的物理机理.%Four types of specimens of concrete, aggregate ( granite) , mortar and aggregate-mortar interface are tested under uniaxial tensile loading on a MTS materials test system. Feature parameters and waveforms of acoustic emission (AE) signals during the loading process are acquired by using broadband sensors simultaneously. Comparison and statistical analysis of the AE parameters and waveform spectrums based on FFT are performed. AE hits are sorted into distinctive classes according to the shapes of their spectrums. The results indicate that the earliest appearance of damage is at the interface between aggregate and mortar, and that the percentage of hits in short rise time ( <30μs) from the aggregate specimen reaches about 84% , which is higher than the other specimens. The energies of AE signals are mainly distributed within the four frequency bands of 100～150kHz, 200～250kHz, 250～300kHz and 150～200kHz. The percentage of hits with the dominant frequency band of 250～300kHz for the aggregate specimen is about 35.7% , while for the mortar and the interface specimens are 25. 2% and 13. 9% , respectively. The percentage of hits with the dominant frequency band of 200～250kHz for the interface specimen is about 16. 1% , while for the aggregate and the mortar specimens are 6.5% and 4. 8% , respectively.
  • 摘要：降雨是导致重庆山区矸石山失稳的主要诱发因素,针对重庆山区矸石山,分析其降雨入渗过程及其影响因素,以Navier-Stocks方程为基础,按照流体动力学原理,应用C语言编制了二维平面内矸石山降雨入渗的数值模拟程序,计算降雨入渗过程中水分在矸石山内的运移规律,并由此计算矸石散体中的孔隙水压力变化;其次,采用FLAC~(2D)两相流渗流分析模块进行矸石山降雨入渗数值模拟,充分考虑水气两相流动,并选择与应力耦合的算法;最后,将非饱和土中的相关理论引入,考虑基质吸力对矸石散体强度的影响,采用极限分析方法分析矸石山体在降雨各阶段的安全储备,并且采用FLAC~(2D)对降雨情况下重庆山区矸石山的应力-应变状态进行计算,矸石散体的应力-应变模式采用非线性模拟,得出的计算结果与极限分析的计算结果一致.%Rainfall is the main factor leading to the instability of gangue hills in the Chongqing area. The process of rainfall infiltration and its influence are analyzed for coal waste dumps in Chongqing. A 2-D numerical simulation code for waste dump rainfall infiltration is developed for calculation of water flow and the change of pore water pressure in the waste granular media during rainfall. The governing equation, numerical formula and the stress-coupling formula for two-phase flow in FLAC~(2D) are presented. Considering the effect of suction on the strength of waste granular media, the limit analysis method is employed to analyze the slope safety factors of different rainfall phases. The stress-strain states of coal waste dumps in the Chongqing mountainous area during rainfall are calculated by using nonlinear simulations. The result of FLAC~(2D) calculation is the same as that of limit analysis.
  • 摘要：筒型基础防波堤是一种新型港口与海岸工程结构,依靠下部筒型基础沉入土中维持结构稳定.结合实际工程,建立筒型基础防波堤稳定性分析的三维弹塑性有限元模型.根据筒型基础防波堤的结构特性,建议此种结构稳定性分析的4种判别标准,分别为极限承载力判别标准、基于P-S曲线出现较明显拐点的判别标准、基于允许变位的判别标准和基于筒底脱离的临界点的判别标准.通过有限元分析结果得出各种判别标准下结构的安全系数.结果表明在设计波浪力以内,结构的位移很小,P-S曲线为线性,说明这种新型结构具有很好的稳定性.并且通过分析极限状态下结构位移场的分布,得出这种新型防波堤的失稳模式为绕基础筒底以下某点发生转动失稳.研究成果可为这种新型结构的稳定性分析提供借鉴和参考.%Bucket foundation breakwater is a new type of structure in port and coastal engineering. Its stability is sustained by the bucket foundation penetrated into the soil. A 3-D elastoplastic finite element model was established for the stability analysis of a bucket foundation breakwater. Four criterions to judge the stability of the structure, based on ultimate bearing capacity, inflection point in P-S curves, allowable displacement and critical contact states between cylinder bottoms and the soil, were proposed according to the structural characteristics of the bucket foundation breakwater. For each criterion, safety factor for the structure was obtained through finite element analysis. The calculation results showed that the structural displacement was small and P-S curves were linear for the design wave force, indicating good stability of the structure. It was found that instability occurred in the form of rotation of the bucket foundation breakwater around a point below the foundation base, resulted from the displacement field distribution of the structure in the limit state. The present research could be a reference for the stability analysis of the new type of structure.
  • 摘要：Urban rapid railway system is a major form of transportation for a metropolis. Effective use of urban rapid railway systems requires effective connections with other transportation modes. Different attributes between arrival and departure access modes are analyzed through a trip survey in Beijing. It is found that the access mode and departure mode show significant differences in terms of distance and time. Using the data fusion method, a nested Logit model of access mode selection is formulated, and the influences of three factors, access time, access cost and access distance to the access mode selection, are analyzed. It is shown that these three factors are all negatively correlated with the access mode selection. The access mode selection appears more sensitive to the fee for bus access.%城市轨道交通系统是构建城市交通网络的骨架,但也需要与其他交通方式衔接,形成一个完善的城市交通网络,从而提高人们出行的可达性.通过在北京市进行的轨道衔接方式选择行为调查,对轨道交通衔接方式选择行为进行研究,发现轨道交通衔接方式出行端与目的端具有不同特性,出行端时间距离均长于目的端.针对这一特性,运用经济学行为分析模型--Logit模型,对于出行的选择行为进行数学建模分析,在调查数据的基础上,建立出行端与目的端相融合的轨道交通衔接方式选择模型,运用分步标定的方法,将出行者的衔接选择行为统一于一个层状Logit模型之下,并完成对于模型的标定以及参数检验,同时对各主要变量作出敏感性分析,从而得出各因素对于衔接方式的影响程度,为政策研究提供分析工具.
  • 摘要：建筑产品及其生产的特殊性使建筑企业规模是否合理显得尤为重要.阐述基于DEA方法的建筑企业规模合理性判别方法,在总结和分析我国21家上市建筑企业规模结构存在问题的基础上,提出相应的调整对策.为迅速有效地改进我国大型建筑企业规模问题、达到国际一流的建筑业水平提供借鉴和参考.%The specialty of construction products and the process of production make the enterprise scale play an important role in the construction industry. A judgment method in DEA models is presented for judging the rationality of the scale of a construction enterprise. The problems about the scale of a construction enterprise are summarized and analyzed after studying twenty one listed Chinese construction companies, and adjustment measures are proposed. The objective of this study is to provide reference for improving the scale rationality of our national large-scale contractor enterprises so as to reach the world-class level.
  • 摘要：The Guangzhou New TV Tower is composed of a steel frame tube and a concrete core. The exterior steel frame is formed by a basic ellipse element, plane-rotating 45° around its center line from the bottom to the top with a slender waist area in the middle. Because the steel frame in the waist area is the weakest of the structure, the ultimate bearing capacity of the waist area under six horizontal load cases is investigated by employing the nonlinear FE method. The ultimate bearing capacity and the failure mode corresponding to different horizontal load levels are obtained and compared theoretically, providing a reference for the design of the exterior steel frame of the Guangzhou New TV Tower.%广州新电视塔是采用钢结构外框筒和钢筋混凝土核心筒组成的筒中筒结构体系,整个结构外框筒细长、细腰及扭腰等构成特点,使细腰段外框筒结构受力十分不利.利用大挠度弹塑性有限元方法研究6种不同方向水平荷载作用下细腰段的N-M(V)相关稳定承载力;改变N与A/(V)的比值,研究水平荷载大小对细腰段稳定承载力和破坏模态的影响;恒定轴力,研究了水平力方向的变化对细腰段稳定承载力的影响.全面的有限元分析结果为校核电视塔细腰段外框筒结构设计提供了理论依据.
  • 摘要：按照理论研究、关键构件制造控制及现场施工控制实施等三阶段对大跨度斜拉桥的全过程施工控制系统研发及工程应用进行系统深人的研究,提出并建立基于几何控制的全过程自适应施工控制系统.以主跨1088m的苏通大桥为依托,对该系统研发及实施的关键问题进行深入探讨.在理论研究的基础上制定大跨度斜拉桥施工控制实施的指导原则及控制系统的基本框架.在苏通大桥施工控制中的成功实施表明:该系统具有普遍意义,可以作为大跨度和超大跨度斜拉桥施工控制的一般方法.%The establishment and application of construction control system for long-span cable-stayed bridges is systematically studied through theoretical study, fabrication control of key construction members and in-site application of construction control system. A whole-procedure adaptive construction control system is developed by studying the principles of whole-procedure geometric construction control. The key theoretical and technical problems of the system are studied with the construction control of the Sutong Bridge, with a main span of 1088m. The governing principles and basic system assembly are developed via theoretical study. The validity of the proposed system is demonstrated by construction control of the Sutong Bridge.
  • 摘要：将圆孔周围的围岩分为弹性和塑性应力区,考虑土体受力后的剪胀特性,根据Mohr-Coulomb非线性强度准则、应力平衡条件、大小变形理论和非关联流动准则,推导出排水情况下土体发生大、小变形时扩孔问题的塑性区应力、应变和位移场解析,并给出大、小变形情况下塑性区半径和极限扩孔压力的非线性解答.与现有理论的计算结果和现场实测结果进行对比结果表明,上述理论具有一定的有效性.通过分析可知,大变形时的塑性应变比小变形时的大;随着m值的增大,扩孑L压力逐渐增大且与r_p/α_u为非线性关系;大变形时的扩孔压力要比Vesic等人的理论值偏小.%Using the non-linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion as the initial yield function and considering the shear dilatation characteristics, the soil around the cavity is divided into elastic and plastic zones. The non-linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the equilibrium principle, and the large and small strain theories are employed for the plastic zone, and analytical solutions of the stress, strain, and displacement fields for cavity expansion are presented with the non-associated flow rules for the shear dilatation characteristics. A series of analyses of strain and limit cavity pressure with different dilation parameters for large and small strains in the plastic zone conducted. The results of the present theory, Vesic's theory and in situ test are compared to verify the present theory.
  • 摘要：通过对7个楔形薄腹H形钢短梁进行循环荷载试验,研究楔形薄壁H形钢短梁在横向荷载作用下的破坏形态与滞回性能.通过改变腹板宽厚比、翼缘宽厚比、楔率等参数研究楔形薄腹H形钢短梁在低周往复荷载作用下的各项性能.根据试验获得的楔形薄腹H形钢短梁的破坏形态和滞回曲线,分析试件在反复水平荷载作用下的局部屈曲产生与发展机理,绘制试验试件骨架曲线,对比分析腹板宽厚比、翼缘宽厚比、楔率等参数对骨架曲线的影响.结果表明,局部屈曲是短钢梁试件最终破坏的主要原因之一;腹板与翼缘宽厚比越大,构件的耗能性能越差;腹板宽厚比和楔率对构件的刚度退化影响不大.
  • 摘要：在目前的技术水平条件下,试验是验证油阻尼器抑制斜拉桥拉索振动效果的最可靠手段.为研究某大跨度斜拉桥拉索阻尼器的性能,进行了包括阻尼器单体性能试验、双阻尼器及其实索固定装置组合系统足尺试验、阻尼器耐久性试验及阻尼器实索减振试验在内的全系列试验.详细研究了各种可能因素对阻尼器减振效果的影响,试验结果表明,试验阻尼器的力学性能与设计的线性特性吻合较好;支撑装置与连接件的缝隙不会降低阻尼器的减振效果;试验阻尼器具有良好的耐久性,并给出了阻尼性能随加载次数的退化规律表达式,供设计参考;试验阻尼器抑制实索振动的效果明显,经分析确定,拉索的边界条件是实索减振试验实测值与理论值两者之间产生误差的重要原因之一.
  • 摘要：数字钻孔摄像从侧视视角对整个钻孔的360.孔壁进行连续摄像,通过图像特征对孔内地质现象进行定性描述和定量分析,具有高分辨率、高井壁覆盖率和直观可信等特征;而钻孔CT层析成像利用弹性波波场特性,获得声波在不同介质中传播速率,从而反映井间地质体的几何形态和物理特征.将这两种勘测手段联合能够发挥很好的互补性作用.数字钻孔摄像能够提供直观精确的孔壁全景图像,为钻孔CT层析成像测试结果提供佐证;而钻孔cT可延伸钻孔摄像的二维信息,对地质构造在钻孔间的发育情况进行三维空间上的分析.提出这样一种联合测探手段,并在一定向钻工程勘测中对其可行性进行试验,从而为进一步地质空间模型的建立提供实际支持.
  • 摘要：应用因子分析法对工程项目合作伙伴绩效进行动态评价.遵循合理、系统、可比、成长的原则,选取了16个能反映伙伴绩效的可度量指标,设计了调查问卷.应用因子分析法,从问卷调查获取的数据中提取了4个主因子:合作能力、创新与发展能力、敏捷性和合作方满意度,在此基础上进一步确定了4个主因子和归纳为4个主因子的16个指标对伙伴绩效的影响程度.依据4个主因子和16个指标对伙伴绩效的影响程度,盟主企业应着重关注对伙伴绩效有重大影响的合作能力和创新与发展能力两个主因子和对伙伴绩效影响力较高的协调能力、人均培训时间、沟通能力、信任、人力资源价值、数据共享率、捕捉机遇能力和冲突解决能力8个指标.最后综合评价了接受问卷调查的17个企业的绩效,为其制定有效策略,提高绩效提供依据,也为盟主企业选择伙伴提供参考.
  • 摘要：介绍广州新电视塔钢结构柱-梁-撑节点缩尺模型的滞回试验研究.此节点的特点是环梁通过牛腿与立柱连接,立柱、斜撑、环梁三者轴线不交汇非共面.试验研究将此节点解构为三部分:环梁-牛腿的连接、牛腿-立柱的连接、斜撑-立柱的连接,分别对每部分进行滞回性能和极限承载力的考察,然后对节点的整体性能作出综合评价.研究表明该节点构造能够保证相连构件达到全截面屈服,具有良好耗能能力,满足抗震设计要求.
  • 摘要：火灾是公路隧道最为严重的灾害之一.分析克拉尼提出的高温条件下人员逃生公式,结合公路隧道火灾时的人员逃生情况,对克拉尼公式进行修正.采用有限元用数值模拟方法,详细地研究典型隧道结构段在不同环境风速、不同火灾规模时隧道内的温度场;以修正后的隧道火灾人员逃生公式为判别条件,给出隧道内人员可能逃生的位置和消防救援的安全位置.所得结果对公路隧道灭火救灾预案的编制提供重要的技术支持.
  • 摘要：上海轨道交通四号线修复工程,采用冻结加固与暗挖对接的原位修复施工方案,确保了工程的顺利实施.根据人工冻结法的基本理论和工程经验,对江中段连接段修复工程冻结过程中的冻结参数进行了设计,确定了冻结系统;强制解冻采用分区分批进行;采用结构与冻结壁之间充填注浆和融沉补偿注浆对地层融沉进行控制.人工冻结法在四号线修复工程中的成功应用,为今后其他类似工程施工方案的确定提供了重要的参考价值,对人工冻结理论和技术体系的完善和发展将起到一定的推动作用.
  • 摘要：大型超高钢结构电视塔高度高、刚度小、上部空间狭小、风振响应较大,传统的多点调频弹簧阻尼器(MTSD)以及特大调频质量阻尼器(TMD)风振控制装置基本上不再适用.为此提出一种基于磁流变(MR)阻尼器的振动控制系统,将磁流变液多点调频弹簧阻尼器(MR-MTSD)与磁流变液悬挂水箱减振器(MR-PTTMD)作为控制阻尼器共同工作,用于控制此类结构的风振响应.以388m高河南省广播电视发射塔为例,考虑结构空间竖向相关性并采用修正的Davenport谱模拟脉动风速,对该塔进行风振时程响应动力分析,并对上述控制系统的控制参数进行优化设计.数值仿真结果表明,这种半主动控制策略对此类高耸钢塔结构在脉动风作用下的位移响应和加速度响应具有优良的控制品质和控制效果,大大降低此类结构风振控制设计的成本.
  • 摘要：开展4根T形和4根十字形钢筋混凝土柱在IS0834标准升温过程下的明火试验,考察轴向约束刚度比和轴压比对高温下异形柱破坏形态、轴向变形、附加轴力等的影响趋势.试验结果表明:①高温下因轴向约束产生的最大附加轴力大致相当于各试件常温轴力的19%～62%.②随轴压比减小,最大附加轴力逐渐增加,轴向约束刚度比较大时该趋势更为明显.③随轴向约束刚度比的增大,最大附加轴力逐渐增加,轴压比较小时该趋势更为明显.④在试验所涉及的轴压比和轴向约束刚度比范围内,前者对最大附加轴力的影响总体上更为显著.由于火灾中相邻构件之间相互约束作用的客观存在,积极开展约束构件的抗火研究对科学把握其真实火灾行为是必要的.
  • 摘要：在现有混凝土桥梁耐久性等级模糊评估理论的基础上,提出一种改进的多层次模糊评估模型.该模型采用多因素决策的特征向量法,选取最优区间型隶属度函数作为耐久性考核指标对各模糊等级的隶属度,并结合模糊扩张算法及权重均值技术最终实现在役桥梁耐久性等级评定.模型中引入环境作用指标来反应混凝土结构材料本身的劣化程度以及环境效应预示的潜在失效风险.基于提出的模型编制相应的评估程序,应用于一座在役混凝土桥梁的耐久性评估,并通过与规范及其他模型评定结果对比说明评估方法的合理性.提出的方法论将为决策者和桥梁工程师获得桥梁的系统判断和后续维修加固方案提供帮助.
  • 摘要：采用GDS循环三轴试验、压汞分析,同时辅以电镜扫描,对上海地区地铁行车荷载作用下的饱和软黏土微观性状进行定量分析研究,获得了一系列定性、定量化的结果.研究成果表明在地铁运营相当长的一段时间内,隧道侧壁和底部地层都会存在结构单元之间的压密过程,而由于隧道底部承受来自地铁的荷载较大,压密趋势有所缓和,单元之间的错动将会是变形的主要因素.
  • 摘要：预应力碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构是碳纤维加固的重要研究方向,国内外学者已经进行大量研究,但目前关于预应力碳纤维片材加固受弯构件的疲劳性能的试验研究很少,对加固构件疲劳破坏机理也存在认识分歧.针对已有疲劳试验研究的不足,进行7根大比例T形试件的试验研究,比较分析不同加固方式产生的构件疲劳性能差异,初步研究黏结树脂疲劳强度以及碳纤维板剥离对构件疲劳寿命的影响.试验结果表明:与非预应力碳纤维板加固相比,预应力碳纤维板加固显著降低钢筋应力,提高构件的疲劳性能;非预应力碳纤维板加固构件在钢筋疲劳断裂之前树脂先产生黏结疲劳破坏从而引起碳纤维板剥离;黏结剥离致使钢筋承担应力增大,从而减少构件的疲劳寿命.
  • 摘要：基于ANSYS工作平台,建立所完成的7个楔形薄腹H形钢短梁试验试件的数值分析模型,对其进行循环往复荷载作用下的全过程分析,分析中考虑双重非线性、初始几何缺陷、残余应力等因素的影响.将循环荷载下试验试件的数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,讨论试件破坏形态、滞回曲线、最大承载力等方面的对比结果.分析结果表明:数值模拟能够较好地反映试件的试验结果,所采用的数值分析模型和数值方法可以进行楔形薄腹H形钢构件的数值模拟分析.

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