Based on six thermodynamic equilibria,a unified retention model of solute in liquidchromatography(LC)is first proposed.The unified model was tested and proved to be valid for a LC sys-tem with mobile phase consisting of a complete range of multiple,ternary or binary components and eachkind of LC except size exclusion chromatography.In addition,so long as making some assumptions andmathematical conversions,the expressions of various popular models in LC can be derived by using theunified model.
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