CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety;
Institute of High Energy Physics;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission;
School of Chemistry and Environment;
Southwest Minzu University;
Chengdu 610041;
China;
Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology;
Shanghai University;
Shanghai 200444;
China;
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience;
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China;
and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100190;
China;
Stable isotope labeling; Quantification; Carbon nanomaterials; Metal oxide nanoparticles; Nanotoxicity; Biomedical effects;