猫人工授精技术研究进展

摘要

人工授精技术是一种较先进的辅助生殖技术, 可提高繁殖育种的效益, 但因猫类较独特的生殖特点, 其人工授精技术发展受限.近年来, 科研人员和临床工作者借鉴其他物种相对成熟的人工授精技术, 结合猫类生殖特点, 对猫人工授精过程中精液采集、精液品质评估、精液保存、刺激母猫排卵方式及具体的人工输精等相关技术进行了优化和创新, 如开发了新颖实用的尿导管法采精技术以采集猫精液;在传统精液品质评估的基础上, 配合使用荧光染色技术、流式细胞技术及体外受精技术对猫精液品质进行评估;探索不同冷冻液配方及冷冻程序对猫精液保存效果的影响, 并尝试使用超快速冷冻法保存公猫遗传物质;研究使用不同种类及不同剂量的激素对诱导母猫发情和排卵效果的差异, 以及不同输精部位、方法及时机对母猫妊娠结果的影响等.尽管其中一些新技术与方法已在试验动物中彰显出了其实际应用潜力, 但当下依旧还存在操作相对复杂、成本较高、效果低于预期等问题, 导致目前猫人工授精技术的应用较局限, 不如在犬或其他动物中应用广泛, 未来还需更进一步研究和探索才能满足临床实际应用的需要.文章就上述猫人工授精技术中各个方面的研究进展进行了综述, 以期为该技术的进一步研究和应用提供参考.%Artificial insemination (AI) technology is an advanced assisted reproductive technology, it can improve the efficiency of breeding, but due to the unique reproductive characteristics of cats, the development of cat AI technology is limited.In recent years, many researchers and clinical veterinaries have used mature AI techniques from other species, combined with feline unique characteristics to optimize and innovate cat AI technologies such as semen collection, semen quality assessment, semen preservation, stimulation of female cat ovulation, and artificial insemination, for example:A new and practical urinary catheterization technique for collecting cat semen have been developed;Based on the traditional semen quality assessment, researchers began to use fluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and in vitro fertilization technique to evaluate the quality of sperm;Researchers explored the effects of different extenders formulas and freezing procedures on the preservation of male cats semen and tried to use ultra-rapid cryopreservation to preserve the genetic material of male cats, and also explored the differences in the use of different hormones to induce estrus and ovulation in female cats;As well as the influence of different parts, methods andtiming of the insemination on the pregnancy of female cats and so on.Although these new technologies have already demonstrated their potential for practical application in experimental animals, there are still some problems, such as complicated operations, high costs and lower-than-expected results.As a result, the application of AI in cats is limited, and is not as widely used as dogs or other species.In the future, further researches and explorations are needed to meet the requirements of clinical use.This paper reviewed the research progress on various aspects of cat AI technology in order to provide reference for further research and application of this technology.