利用DNA条形码对海南特种野猪的鉴定研究

摘要

This study was aimed to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using a specific seg-ment of pig cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COXⅠ)gene as DNA barcode to identify Hainan special wild boar and other species.COXⅠgene was detected in Hainan special wild boar,Hainan wild boar,Tunchang pig,Wuzhishan pig and Landrace pig,the COXⅠ gene sequences of 13 repre-sentative native pig breeds were downloaded from NCBI,the genetic diversity and genetic distance were analyzed between Hainan special wild boar and other species,and phylogenetic tree was con-structed.The results showed that the sequence of pig COXⅠgene was 1 419 bp,and 67 variation sites of COXⅠ gene were detected in 45 individuals of 5 pig breeds,accounting for 4.7% of the analysis sites,and which 22 sites were parsimony information sites.The intraspecies genetic dis-tance of 5 pig breeds was 0.001 to 0.019,the highest intraspecific genetic diversity was 0.019 of Hainan special wild boar.The interspecific genetic distance of 5 pig breeds was 0.009 to 0.123, the genetic distance between Hainan special wild boar and Landrace pig was the largest(0.123). There was obvious hybrid in Hainan special wild boar,which had clustered with Hainan native breed(Wuzhishan pigs,Tunchang pigs and Hainan wild boar).Hainan special wild boar was loca-ted in a branch with Wuyi Black pigs,Sandu Black pigs,Luchuan pig,the other part of the cluster was located in a branch with Dahuabai pig,and there was no cluster with Landrace pig.The re-sults would provide references for the further breeding of Hainan special wild boar.%试验旨在探讨以猪的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ,COXⅠ)基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码识别海南特种野猪与其他品种的可行性和有效性.以海南特种野猪、海南野猪、屯昌猪、五指山猪及长白猪为研究对象,测定其COXⅠ基因,同时在NCBI中下载已发表的具有地方代表性的13个猪品种的COXⅠ基因序列,分析海南特种野猪与其他品种的遗传多样性、遗传距离,并构建系统进化树.结果发现,猪 COXⅠ基因序列长1419 bp,5个猪品种45个个体 COXⅠ基因共检测到67个变异位点,占分析位点的4.7%,其中简约信息位点22个;5个猪品种的种内遗传距离为0.001~0.019,其中海南特种野猪的种内遗传最大,为0.019;5个猪品种的种间遗传距离为0.009~0.123,其中海南特种野猪与长白猪的遗传距离最大,为0.123;海南特种野猪杂交情况比较明显,与海南本地品种五指山猪、屯昌猪和海南野猪都有聚类,与武夷黑猪、三都黑猪、陆川猪位于一个分支,另一部分与大花白猪位于一个分支,与长白猪没有聚类.本试验结果为海南特种野猪的进一步选育提供了参考依据.