淡水鱼虾细菌病诊断与防控技术研究进展

摘要

In this article,the common bacterial diseases in freshwater fishes and shrimps were summarized and introduced,including bacterial septicemia,bacterial enteritis,bacterial gill-rot disease,streptococcal disease,delayed Edwards disease,intestine-like enteropathies,nocardiosis,acute hepatopancreas necrosis and spiroplasmosis,etc. Meanwhile,the research progress of detection methods for bacterial diseases endangering freshwater aquaculture industry in and outside China were also summarized,which included detection methods based on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pathogens and on the molecular biology techniques(such as common PCR method,real-time quantitative PCR technology,loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology, 16S rRN detection method,nucleic acid probe hybridization method,and gene chip technology),as well as the detection methods based on immunology(such as immunoenzymatic technology,immunofluorescence,colloidal gold immunochromatography and antibody chip technology). According to the above summary,it was indicated that more attention should be paid to technology research and development of surveillance,early warning,immunity, drug and ecology and comprehensive prevention and control. As a conclusion,the research in this article would provide references for the bacterial disease diagnosis in freshwater aquaculture industry,standardization of detection methods and commercialization of testing products.%本文概述了淡水鱼虾常见的细菌性疾病,包括细菌性败血症、细菌性肠炎、细菌性烂鳃、链球菌病、迟缓爱德华氏菌病、鮰类肠败血症、诺卡氏菌病、急性肝胰腺坏死病和螺原体病等,并对近年来国内外主要淡水养殖细菌性病害检测方法的研究情况进行综述,包括基于病原菌生理生化特征的检测方法、基于分子生物学技术的检测方法(如常规定性PCR检测方法、实时定量PCR技术、环介导等温扩增技术、16S rRNA检测技术、核酸探针杂交法和基因芯片技术等),以及基于免疫学相关技术的检测方法(如免疫酶技术、免疫荧光技术、胶体金免疫层析技术和抗体芯片技术等),提示在防控方面应该注重监测预警、免疫、药物、生态和综合防控等技术.本文为淡水养殖细菌性病害的诊断、检测方法的标准化及推动相应检测产品的商品化提供了参考.