全球兽用抗菌药物使用情况

摘要

细菌耐药性问题是全球关注的重要问题.本文梳理了世界动物卫生组织(OIE)《兽用抗菌药物使用情况年报》,以及英国、美国等国家的抗菌药物使用情况.在146个提供信息的国家和地区中,86个禁止将抗菌药物用作促生长剂,37个允许作促生长用,23个国家未作相关要求;养殖中最常用抗菌药是四环素类(45.2%),其次是青霉素类(13.9%);亚太地区、美洲、欧洲和非洲活畜禽抗菌药物用量分别为257.85、160.69、89.78和70.04 mg/kg,亚太地区用药量几乎为欧洲的3倍;美国食品动物使用的重要抗菌药物占抗菌药物使用总量的60%,非重要抗菌药物占40%;英国食品动物抗菌药物用量从2014年的62 mg/kg降至2016年的45 mg/kg,总量从445吨降到337吨.上述数据提示亚洲和美洲地区在慎用抗菌药物及研制新型抗菌药物等方面应作出更大努力.%In recent years,bacterial resistance has attracted a lot of global concern. Here,the Annual Report on the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals written by OIE was analyzed,the use situation of antimicrobials in some countries were sorted out,such as America and England. Among the 168 countries which had provided related information,86 countries prohibited the use of antimicrobial agents as growth promoters while 37 countries allowed, and 23 countries had no relevant requirement. During livestock and poultry production,tetracycline(45.2%)was the most commonly used agent,followed by Penicillins(13.9%). The quantities of antimicrobial agents used in live animals in Asia and the Pacific area,Americas,Europe and Africa were 257.85,160.69,89.78 and 70.04 mg/kg, respectively,and the quantities used in Asia and the Pacific area was almost three times as much as that in Europe. In America,the important antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals accounted for 60% of the total amount of antimicrobials,and unimportant antimicrobials accounted for 40%. The dosage of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals in England reduced from 62 mg/kg in 2014 to 45 mg/kg in 2016,and the total quantities reduced from 445 tons to 337 tons. The above data suggested that greater efforts should be paid in cautious use of antimicrobial agents and in research and development of new antimicrobial agents in the region of Asia and the America.