日本公营住宅制度与住房保障

摘要

The social security system is safety net to protect the basic livelihood security of vulnerable groups,by the way of redistribution of social wealth,to compensate for market imperfections.In Japan, due to housing shortages, under the guidance of the occupying forces, under the pressure of surging social movements, established the residential security system Mainly in public housing after World War II. Public housing is a major low-cost public housing of available to low-income housing for needy families. Compared to most private rental housing,it is good construction quality, location and cheap rent .The survey shows that most residents satisfied with it. Public housing has played an important role to help vulnerable groups to get good living conditions for minimum of healthy and civilized living .%以自由竞争、等价交换为原则的市场体制在优化资源配置、促进劳动生产率提高上产生具有显著成效，但也必然带来社会财富分配不均的问题。社会保障制度是保护弱势群体基本生活安全的底线，以社会财富再分配方式弥补市场缺陷。二战后的日本因住宅紧缺，在占领军的指导下、在风起云涌的社会运动压力下，建立起以公营住宅为主体的住房保障制度。公营住宅是主要提供给全社会收入分位25%以下的低收入住房困难家庭的廉租公房，由地方政府建设和管理，公开招募入住者。与一般民间租赁住宅相比，公营住宅建筑质量较好、地理位置优越、租金低廉，调查显示居民大多数满意。在保障弱势群体获得起码的健康文明生活所需的居住条件上，公营住宅发挥了重要作用。