表面活性剂与油相动态界面张力影响因素研究

摘要

Oil-water dynamic interfacial tension of different kinds of surfactants:alkyl polyglycoside(APG1214),imidazoline(IAS), dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS),alkyl phenolic ether carboxylate(ss-231)were studied. Under the condition of 60℃ and 5 000r· min-1 ,it found that the concentration and structure of surfactant,carbon number of alkane and crude oil properties affected the for-mation of low interfacial tension. The experimental results showed that when the hydrophilicity of surfactants hydrophilic group was greater,the repulsion between the hydrophilic groups was smaller, the configuration density of surfactants on oil-water interface would be larger and the interfacial tension would become lower. The effect that reduce the interfacial tension would be more obvious when the surfactant hydrophobic carbon chain was similar to paraffin carbon chain. The active competent of crude oil formed viscoe-lastic interfacial film on the oil-water interface in non-alkali system,and the viscoelasticity film decreased the adsorption of surfac-tant on the oil-water interface which caused the interfacial tension rise.%对不同类型表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG1214)、咪唑啉(IAS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、烷基酚醚羧酸盐(ss-231)的油水动态界面张力进行了研究。在60℃,5000 r·min-1条件下,考察了表面活性剂的浓度、表面活性剂的结构、正构烷烃碳数以及原油中活性物质对形成低界面张力影响。实验结果表明：表面活性剂亲水基的亲水性越强,亲水基之间排斥力越小,使得在油水界面排布的密度越大,降低界面张力的效果会更好；当表面活性剂疏水碳链与烷烃碳链相似时,降低界面张力的效果会更明显；无碱体系中原油中的活性物质可在油水界面上形成粘弹性界面膜,这种界面膜的形成减少了表面活性剂分子在界面的吸附,使界面张力升高。